Abstract
Allelopathic activities of a salt-tolerant and low-temperature tolerant mangrove tree, Kandelia obovata, which grows in brackish water regions of sub-tropical areas, and two fast-growing trees, Betula platyphylla and Populus alba, which grow in the temperate area, were examined by two in vitro bioassay methods, the sandwich method using dried leaves and the protoplast co-culture method using leaf protoplasts. Lettuce root growth examined by the sandwich method, was inhibited 50% by 50 mg dried mature leaves of K. obovata. In the protoplast co-culture method, inhibition rates of cell division of lettuce protoplasts were 31% and 69% by leaf protoplasts of K. obovata at densities of 1 × 104 mL-1 and 5 × 104 mL-1, respectively. These results were compared with the inverse relationship between allelopathic activities and salt tolerance of mangrove plants of different families. B. platyphylla showed 37% inhibition by the sandwich method using dried young leaves, but only 10% inhibition at 5 × 104 mL-1 by the protoplast co-culture method using leaf protoplasts of B. platyphylla. Dried young leaves of P. alba showed 66% inhibition, but the leaf protoplasts at the density of 5 × 104 mL-1 showed highly stimulatory activity. Abscisic acid, of which contents in leaf protoplasts of three tree species varies from high to low in relation to salt tolerance and recalcitrance of tissue culture, was discussed as a putative allelochemical.
Highlights
1.1 In Vitro Bioassay Method of Allelopathy: the Sandwich MethodAllelopathy is one of the strategies of plants, which cannot move, to survive by emitting allelochemicals to inhibit the growth of neighboring plants sharing the same habitat
Allelopathic activities of a salt-tolerant and low-temperature tolerant mangrove tree, Kandelia obovata, which grows in brackish water regions of sub-tropical areas, and two fast-growing trees, Betula platyphylla and Populus alba, which grow in the temperate area, were examined by two in vitro bioassay methods, the sandwich method using dried leaves and the protoplast co-culture method using leaf protoplasts
Allelopathy of the young leaves of in vitro shoot cultures of two fast-growing broad-leaved trees, B. platyphylla and P. alba, which grow in the temperate regions, was examined by the sandwich method and compared with the allelopathy of leaf protoplasts examined by the protoplast co-culture method
Summary
Allelopathy is one of the strategies of plants, which cannot move, to survive by emitting allelochemicals to inhibit the growth of neighboring plants sharing the same habitat. In the broad definition of allelopathy, stimulatory effects among plants and microorganisms are included (Fujii, 2000). As an in vitro bioassay method, the sandwich method (Fujii et al, 2003), which measures the effects of 10 and 50 mg dried leaves, was used to test many plants including trees using lettuce as a recipient plant (Fujii, 2000; Bergum et al, 2019). Lettuce was the most sensitive among the recipient plant species examined including rice (Itani et al, 1998)
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