Abstract
AbstractThe current research aimed to evaluatein vitrobiological activities of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles using theAllium sativumclove extract. The stability of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles was evaluated via storage at 4°C, room temperature (37°C), and calcined at 300°C, 500°C, and 700°C. The antibacterial effect was evaluated using agar well, spread plate, biofilm reduction, and cell proliferation inhibition assays. The cytotoxic and antidiabetic effects were determined via brine shrimp lethality, protein kinase inhibition, and α-amylase inhibition assays. DPPH scavenging, iron-chelating, anticoagulant, and hemolytic effects were evaluated. The highest inhibition ofKlebsiella pneumoniaewas observed when freshly prepared, calcined (300°C), and stored nanoparticles (4°C and 37°C) were applied (9.66, 9.55, 7.33, and 6.65 mm) against freshly prepared and calcined at 700°C which showed the highest inhibition ofPseudomonas aeruginosa(8.55 and 7.66 mm). Cell viability assay, biofilm reduction assay, and spread plate method showed a significant antibacterial effect of freshly prepared silver nanoparticles. Freshly prepared and calcined nanoparticles at 300°C and 500°C possessed strong antioxidant and iron-chelating activity. Among all the synthesized silver nanoparticles, freshly prepared and calcined nanoparticles (300°C and 500°C) increases the prothrombin time. Silver nanoparticles possessed significant anticoagulant properties and less toxic at least concentration toward human RBCs. In brine shrimp lethality assay, freshly prepared nanoparticles showed a stronger toxic effect and caused high mortality of larvae. Protein kinase inhibition assay revealed that freshly prepared nanoparticles had the highest zone of inhibition (18.0 mm) at 50 µg/disc. Green-synthesized nanoparticles would be used as potential therapeutic agents to overcome both infectious and noninfectious diseases.
Highlights
The World Health Organization reported that more than 80% of the population of the world uses traditional medicine as a drug for its major healthcare requirements
Biological nanoparticles are synthesized both by microorganisms and plants. These green synthesized nanoparticles are much better than nanoparticles synthesized from chemical protocols [3]
GAgNPs were efficiently produced using Gaqu and AgNO3 where phytochemicals present in Gaqu acted as reducing and stabilizing agents
Summary
The World Health Organization reported that more than 80% of the population of the world uses traditional medicine as a drug for its major healthcare requirements. Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles bioactivity 539 herbal drugs in Asia that shows interactions with the environment. For the treatment of infectious as well as chronic diseases, traditional medicinal plants have been used [1]. The towering environmental issues had attracted the researchers toward the novel green production of nanoparticles using living systems such as plants, fungi, and bacteria [2]. Biological nanoparticles are synthesized both by microorganisms and plants. These green synthesized nanoparticles are much better than nanoparticles synthesized from chemical protocols [3]. The biological nanoparticles have fast, environmental-friendly, and low-cost production strategies, and are biocompatible. Plants and microbes themselves act as stabilizing agents due to the presence of capping and stabilizing agents in them [4]
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