In Vitro Assessment of N-Phenyl Imides in the Management of Meloidogyne Incognita

Abstract

Abstract The infestation with root knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. is a key issue in agriculture. Conventional control methods are based on the use of synthetic nematicides, which comes with severe environmental problems. In this study, n-phenyl imide and n-phenyl phthalamic acid were synthesized and reacted independently with Enantia chlorantha crude extract–manganese chloride complex. The effects of the resulting organic compounds were appraised against the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White 1919) juveniles and eggs in two laboratory experiments. The most active compound was n-phenyl phthalamic acid (PN/TLMA) with 4% egg hatch over a 9-day observation after treatment as against distilled water which recorded 100% egg hatch at 9 days after treatment. n-Phenyl phthalamic acid showed 100% juvenile mortality at 10 days of observation compared to carbofuran dissolved in water (CBFN/water) and carbofuran dissolved in hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (CBFN/HPCD) while no outstanding (P < 0.05) difference was recorded between the effects of other organic compounds and carbofuran in both solvents. The different rates of treatment applications were not appreciably (P<0.05) dissimilar on percentage juvenile mortality and egg hatch. The nematicidal test results indicated that the synthesized imide compounds with manganese complex moiety are a promising basis for developing new nematicidal compounds with less environmental hazard.