In Vitro Assessment of Antiplasmodial and Antitrypanosomal Activities of Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate and Ethanol Leaf Extracts of Oedera genistifolia

Kunle Okaiyeto,Anthony I Okoh

doi:10.3390/app10196987

Abstract

The high resistance evolution of protozoans to the existing antiparasitic drugs has necessitated the quest for novel and effective drugs against plasmodium and trypanosome parasites. As a result, this study aimed to assess the antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal potentials of chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol leaf extracts of Oedera genistifolia. Standard biochemical procedures were explored for the plant extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GCMS) was used to identify the bioactive compounds in the crude extracts. The cytotoxic effects of the crude extracts were assessed against human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa cells) and their antiparasitic activities were investigated against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 and Trypanosoma brucei brucei. GCMS analyses of the crude extracts revealed the bioactive compounds that could be responsible for the biological activities. The extracts had no cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells and demonstrated good antiplasmodial activity (chloroform extract: IC50 = 11.6 µg∙mL−1, ethyl acetate extract: IC50 = 3.3 µg∙mL−1 and ethanol extract: IC50 = 3.7 µg∙mL−1). Likewise, they showed excellent antitrypanosomal activity with IC50 = 0.5 µg∙mL−1 for chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts and IC50 = 0.4 µg∙mL−1 for the ethanol extract. Findings from the present study indicated that O. genistifolia could be a good source of strong antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal agents.

Highlights

Malaria has been known as one of the tropical diseases with a devastating effect on the well-being of people, especially from developing countries in the world
Most antimalarial, anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents are based on natural products, suggesting the need to identify novel bioactive compounds from plant origin
According to the report of Ajaiyeoba et al [25], the antimalarial activity of Annona senegalensis might be due to bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, quassinoids and canthin

Summary

Introduction

Malaria has been known as one of the tropical diseases with a devastating effect on the well-being of people, especially from developing countries in the world. The report further signposts that children below age 5 years are more vulnerable to this disease, which account for about 78% of 90% malaria death cases reported, making malaria one of the most dreadful diseases affecting the quality of life lived by an individual in tropical countries. Current malarial drugs include artemether-lumefantrine (coartem), artesunate-amodiaquine, quinine sulfate, mefloquine and primaquine phosphate. These drugs have been recognized to be effective, the side effects on.

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