Abstract
Objective: To find out the antibacterial potential of ethanolic and aqueous roots extract of Phlomis umbrosa L. against both Gram positive and Gram negative isolates Methodology: Disk diffusion method according to Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute (CLSI) standard was used to examine the in vitro antibacterial activity of P. umbrosa extract while minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using broth dilution technique. Miles and Misra technique was also utilized to count the number of colonies CFU/mL of bacteria at different concentrations of extract. Results: All the studied strains showed a diverse range of vulnerability against both ethanolic and aqueous plant extract. Among all tested isolates, ethanolic extract of P. umbrosa showed highly significant activity against Gram positive isolates i.e. S. aureus (20.1 mm) and B. subtilis (22.9 mm) with least MIC (12.5 mg/mL) and MBC (12.5 mg/mL) as compared to Gram negative isolates. A progressive decline in bacterial colonies (CFU/mL) was observed in Miles and Misra technique. One way ANOVA followed by postHoc Tukey test showed the significant differences in antimicrobial activities of plant extract with two tested antibiotics i.e. Amoxicillin and Erythromycin (10 µg/disc) as positive control at p-value of 0.05. The antimicrobial activity of this plant exhibit may be due to the presence of such chemical constituents namely monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids compounds. Conclusion: It is concluded that roots ethanolic extract of P. umbrosa has a promising antibacterial potential so it can also be used as an alternative medicine to treat different infections for reducing bacterial resistance and side effects associated with antibiotics.
Highlights
The use of medicinal plants as an essential source of medicinal agents for maintaining good health is well known and a number of novel compounds have been isolated from such plants[1]
The obtained values of ZIs were significantly different at different concentrations of ethanolic plant extract against clinical isolates i.e. B. subtilis (P = 0.016); S. aureus (P = 0.021); S. pyogenes (P = 0.027) and S. enterica (P = 0.015)
Highly significant differences (P>0.005) were found in ZIs of amoxicillin against B. subtilis and S. enterica while significant differences (P>0.05) were found in antibiotics against tested isolates compared to extract at 30 mg/mL concentration
Summary
The use of medicinal plants as an essential source of medicinal agents for maintaining good health is well known and a number of novel compounds have been isolated from such plants[1]. Around 80% of population relies on traditional medicines primarily from herbal origins. Correspondence: Muhammad Arif Asghar,, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan. Ann Jinnah Sindh Med Uni 2020; 6(1):[3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. Studies show that large populations heavily rely on medicinal plants to fulfill their primary health care needs[4]. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) against pathogenic bacteria or multidrug resistant bacteria (MDR or superbugs), is a serious global threat for humans, animals, environmental health, and one of the major causes for endangering the worth of antibiotics. Comprehensive efforts are needed to minimize the pace of resistance by studying emergent microorganisms, resistance mechanisms, and antimicrobial agents[5]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
