Abstract
BackgroundAvian infectious bronchitis (IB) is a disease that can result in huge economic losses in the poultry industry. The high level of mutations of the IB virus (IBV) leads to the emergence of new serotypes and genotypes, and limits the efficacy of routine prevention. Medicinal plants, or substances derived from them, are being tested as options in the prevention of infectious diseases such as IB in many countries.The objective of this study was to investigate extracts of 15 selected medicinal plants for anti-IBV activity.ResultsExtracts of S. montana, O. vulgare, M. piperita, M. officinalis, T. vulgaris, H. officinalis, S. officinalis and D. canadense showed anti-IBV activity prior to and during infection, while S. montana showed activity prior to and after infection. M. piperita, O. vulgare and T. vulgaris extracts had > 60 SI. In further studies no virus plaques (plaque reduction rate 100%) or cytopathogenic effect (decrease of TCID50 from 2.0 to 5.0 log10) were detected after IBV treatment with extracts of M. piperita, D. canadense and T. vulgaris at concentrations of extracts ≥0.25 cytotoxic concentration (CC50) (P < 0.05). Both PFU number and TCID50 increased after the use of M. piperita, D. canadense, T. vulgaris and M. officinalis extracts, the concentrations of which were 0.125 CC50 and 0.25 CC50 (P < 0.05). Real-time PCR detected IBV RNA after treatment with all plant extracts using concentrations of 1:2 CC50, 1:4 CC50 and 1:8 CC50. Delta cycle threshold (Ct) values decreased significantly comparing Ct values of 1:2 CC50 and 1:8 CC50 dilutions (P < 0.05).ConclusionsMany extracts of plants acted against IBV prior to and during infection, but the most effective were those of M. piperita, T. vulgaris and D. canadense .
Highlights
Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is a disease that can result in huge economic losses in the poultry industry
Antiviral effect against IB virus (IBV) According to the results of the antiviral effect assay, eight extracts were selected for determination of the virucidal effect
P. frutescens, N. cataria, E. purpurea, Ch. nobile and A. foeniculum showed an antiviral effect only in the first method, while G. macrorrhizum and A. archangelica did not show an antiviral effect in any method (Table 1)
Summary
Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is a disease that can result in huge economic losses in the poultry industry. The high level of mutations of the IB virus (IBV) leads to the emergence of new serotypes and genotypes, and limits the efficacy of routine prevention. Substances derived from them, are being tested as options in the prevention of infectious diseases such as IB in many countries. The objective of this study was to investigate extracts of 15 selected medicinal plants for anti-IBV activity. IB is a highly contagious respiratory and occasionally urogenital disease in chickens [1]. IBV affects the upper respiratory tract and reduces egg production [2]. IB outbreaks continuously and results in economic losses in the poultry industry.
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