In Vitro Antiplasmodial and Cytotoxic Activities of Compounds from the Roots of Eriosema montanum Baker f. (Fabaceae).

Jean Claude Didelot Tomani,Olivia Jansen,Michel Frédérich,Jacob Souopgui,Alain Nyirimigabo,Raymond Muganga,Alembert Tiabou Tchinda,Olivier Bonnet,Luc Vanhamme,Allison Ledoux,William Deschamps,Marie Jeanne Mukazayire

doi:10.3390/molecules26092795

Abstract

Malaria remains one of the leading causes of death in sub-Saharan Africa, ranked in the top three infectious diseases in the world. Plants of the Eriosema genus have been reported to be used for the treatment of this disease, but scientific evidence is still missing for some of them. In the present study, the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of the crude extract and compounds from Eriosema montanum Baker f. roots were tested against the 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum and revealed using the SYBR Green, a DNA intercalating compound. The cytotoxicity effect of the compounds on a human cancer cell line (THP-1) was assessed to determine their selectivity index. It was found that the crude extract of the plant displayed a significant antiplasmodial activity with an IC50 (µg/mL) = 17.68 ± 4.030 and a cytotoxic activity with a CC50 (µg/mL) = 101.5 ± 12.6, corresponding to a selective antiplasmodial activity of 5.7. Bioactivity-guided isolation of the major compounds of the roots’ crude extract afforded seven compounds, including genistein, genistin and eucomic acid. Under our experimental conditions, using Artemisinin as a positive control, eucomic acid showed the best inhibitory activity against the P. falciparum 3D7, a well-known chloroquine-sensitive strain. The present results provide a referential basis to support the traditional use of Eriosema species in the treatment of malaria.

Highlights

IntroductionAlmost all cases are reported from low and middle income countries (LMICs) of the subtropical regions, and Africa accounts for about 94% of the total burden, with around 215 million of cases and 384,000 malaria-associated deaths [1]
A total amount of 200 g of the powder was extracted with the mixture of methanol:di(3:1) to give 27.75 g (13.9%) of crude extract
The Eriosema genus is a source of compounds that can serve in the treatment of a wide range of ailments

Summary

Introduction

Almost all cases are reported from low and middle income countries (LMICs) of the subtropical regions, and Africa accounts for about 94% of the total burden, with around 215 million of cases and 384,000 malaria-associated deaths [1]. In light of these statistics, the high mortality rates of malaria and its associated economic burden are of Molecules 2021, 26, 2795. Almost all cases are reported from low and middle income countries (LMICs) of the subtropical regions, and Africa accounts for about 94% of the total

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Conclusion