In vitro Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Anti-Tubercular activities of Cleome gynandrawhole plant extracts

Abstract

The current study investigates the antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-TB characteristics of Cleome gynandra, a traditional medicine herb. The research shows that C. gynandra has significant radical scavenging activity, suggesting it may be a natural antioxidant that can reduce oxidative stress and cancer. Several cell lines were cytotoxic by plant extracts. The ethanol extract had the maximum cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells, while the diethyl ether extract had the highest against HCT-116 cells. The hexane extract cytotoxically affected HepG2, HCT-116, and L6 cells. The aqueous extract of C. gynandra had the lowest cytotoxicity of the cell lines studied. The cytotoxic effects of C. gynandra extracts were highly selective, especially when targeting MCF-7 and HCT-116 cell lines. The study found that the hexane extract had the strongest anti-tuberculosis (TB) effects, with an IC50 of 1.01 µg/ml. The ethanol extract had a substantially lower IC50 value of 7.599 µg/ml, while the ether extract had an IC50 value of 32.7 µg/ml. Finally, the aqueous extract had the highest IC50 value of 793.3 µg/ml. The results suggest that C. gynandra could be used to generate natural anticancer drugs with fewer side effects. The plant's potential anticancer effect's mechanism needs further in vitro and in vivo research.