Abstract
The present study reports the in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic potential of Syngonium podophyllum (SP) and Eichhornia crassipes (EC) leaf aqueous extracts as well as their in vivo effect on oxidative stress and hepatic biomarkers in isoniazid induced rats. Phytochemical screening of extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, reducing sugars, alkaloids, and saponins. Phenolic content in SP and EC extracts was 5.36 ± 0.32 and 10.63 ± 0.13 mg PGE/g, respectively, while flavonoid content was 1.26 ± 0.03 and 0.51 ± 0.03 μg QE/mg, respectively. EC extract exhibited comparatively better antioxidant activity as indicated by reducing power (0.197–0.775), DPPH radical scavenging potential (11%–96%), and metal ion chelating ability (42%–93%). Both the extracts provided 13%–65% protection against lipid peroxidation in rat tissue (liver, kidney, and brain) homogenate. SP and EC extracts exhibited 51% and 43% cytotoxicity against lung cancer (NCI-H322) cell line, respectively. Both extracts demonstrated considerable antibacterial activity against Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhi, and Bordetella bronchiseptica. Coadministration of E. crassipes extract with isoniazid in rats accounted for 46% decrease in malondialdehyde content and 21% increase in FRAP value of plasma. It also mitigated the isoniazid induced alterations in serum enzymes (SGOT, SGPT, and ALP), total bilirubin, creatinine, and hemoglobin contents. S. podophyllum extract was found to be hepatotoxic.
Highlights
Free radical induced oxidative damage has long been thought to be the most important cause of many diseases such as diabetes, stroke, cancer, arteriosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases [1, 2]
Oxidative stress affects the prooxidants and antioxidants equilibrium in biological system which leads to the modification of DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids
Syngonium podophyllum (SP) and Eichhornia crassipes (EC) leaves were collected during summer from the campus of University of Allahabad, India
Summary
Free radical induced oxidative damage has long been thought to be the most important cause of many diseases such as diabetes, stroke, cancer, arteriosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases [1, 2]. Oxidative stress affects the prooxidants and antioxidants equilibrium in biological system which leads to the modification of DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Superoxide anion radicals, and singlet oxygen are the examples of free radicals that attack the unsaturated fatty acids in the biomembranes resulting in lipid peroxidation, decrease in fluidity, loss of enzymes and receptor activity, and damage to membrane proteins and leading to cell inactivation. Plant products are rich sources of phytochemicals and have been found to possess variety of biological activities including antioxidant, cytotoxic, and hepatoprotective potential. They act as reducing agents and reverse oxidation by donating electrons and/or hydrogen ions [4, 5]
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