Abstract
BackgroundThis study was aimed to evaluate antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with a subsequent analysis of total phenolic and total flavonoid content of methanol extract and its derived fractions from Clinacanthus nutans accompanied by comprehensive phytochemical profiling.MethodsLiquid-liquid partition chromatography was used to separate methanolic extract to get hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and residual aqueous fractions. The total antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP). The antidiabetic activity of methanol extract and its consequent fractions were examined by α-glucosidase inhibitory bioassay. The chemical profiling was carried out by gas chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC Q-TOF MS).ResultsThe total yield for methanol extraction was (12.63 ± 0.98) % (w/w) and highest fractionated value found for residual aqueous (52.25 ± 1.01) % (w/w) as compared to the other fractions. Significant DPPH free radical scavenging activity was found for methanolic extract (63.07 ± 0.11) % and (79.98 ± 0.31) % for ethyl acetate fraction among all the fractions evaluated. Methanol extract was the most prominent in case of FRAP (141.89 ± 0.87 μg AAE/g) whereas most effective reducing power observed in ethyl acetate fraction (133.6 ± 0.2987 μg AAE/g). The results also indicated a substantial α-glucosidase inhibitory activity for butanol fraction (72.16 ± 1.0) % and ethyl acetate fraction (70.76 ± 0.49) %. The statistical analysis revealed that total phenolic and total flavonoid content of the samples had the significant (p < 0.05) impact on DPPH free radical scavenging and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.ConclusionCurrent results proposed the therapeutic potential of Clinacanthus nutans, especially ethyl acetate and butanol fraction as chemotherapeutic agent against oxidative related cellular damages and control the postprandial hyperglycemia. The phytochemical investigation showed the existence of active constituents in Clinacanthus nutans extract and fractions.
Highlights
This study was aimed to evaluate antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with a subsequent analysis of total phenolic and total flavonoid content of methanol extract and its derived fractions from Clinacanthus nutans accompanied by comprehensive phytochemical profiling
The fractionation of methanolic extract produced the hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and residual aqueous fractions with average yields of 29.08 ± 0.070, 1.23 ± 0.03, 8.558 ± 0.0305 and 52.25 ± 1.013, respectively (Table 1)
The results from the current study are in good agreement with other research works, which have reported the ability of phenolic rich extracts that exhibited a high antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory effect [40]. These results revealed a direct correlation between antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity
Summary
This study was aimed to evaluate antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with a subsequent analysis of total phenolic and total flavonoid content of methanol extract and its derived fractions from Clinacanthus nutans accompanied by comprehensive phytochemical profiling. Plant based traditional remedies have been developed from these chemotherapeutic agents to prevent certain ailments [1] These active constituents are varied in their chemical structure, chemical composition, protective activity, and mode of action, medicinal herbs have been used in traditional medicine. Phenolic and flavonoid compounds are the most common antioxidant metabolites in plants and include saponins, alkaloids, coumarins, tannins, lignin, terpenoids, stilbenes, quinones, amines and betalains [6, 7]. These compounds are important active natural products, which possess various biological actions, such as anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antiallergic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-thrombotic, anti-microbial activities, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-tumor and anti-mutagenic activity [8, 9]
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