In-vitro antioxidant and selective cytotoxicity of Garcinia cambogia and Garcinia indica leaf extracts on human kidney cancer cell line

Abstract

Kidney cancer is one among the top 10 cancers. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is commonly known kidney cancer. Almost all clinically targeted drugs used in treating RCC have many aftereffects. To overcome this problem with herbal products, the present study is aimed to investigate the preliminary phytochemicals, antioxidants and selective cytotoxicity of aqueous leaves extract of Garcinia cambogia (GC)and Garcinia indica (GI)on(HEK-293) human embryonic kidney cells and (A498)human renal carcinoma cells. The phytochemical analyses were done using standard protocols. In-vitro antioxidant activity was carried out using DPPH, FRAP, and Phosphomolybdenum assay. Anticancer activity on A498 kidney cancer cell line was evaluated by MTT assay and the selectivity index was calculated. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of GC and GI leaf extract divulged the presence of various phyto-constituents. GI extract revealed higher phenolic content while flavonoid content was more in GC extract compared to alkaloids and saponins. Both plant extracts exhibited higher antioxidant capacities based on the test performed.GC and GIleaf extract wasselectively cytotoxic in-vitro to (A498) human renal carcinoma cells and can be safely used against kidney cancer at 500 µM (GC extract)and 300 µM (GI extract). Selective index for GC and GI extract was15.9 and 2.4respectively. The results indicate that GC and GI extracts are a favourable antioxidant and anti-cancer agents for A498 human renal carcinoma cells. However, further studies to isolate the bioactive compounds responsible for these activities are underway and to explore their molecular mechanism.