Abstract
Over the past decades, cardiovascular diseases have become the leading cause of death all over the world, and among these diseases there is atherosclerosis caused mainly by an increase in plasmatic cholesterol levels and by strong oxidation caused by free radicals. For these reasons and others, we explored in this report the hypolipidemic and the antioxidant effects of Zingiber officinale crude aqueous and methanolic extract. The hypolipidemic study was carried out in high-fat-fed mice model. Animals were subdivided into four groups and were orally treated with the aqueous extract once daily for twelve weeks at two doses: 250 and 500 mg/Kg. During the treatment, the body weight, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoproteins have been defined every four weeks. The antioxidant activity has been studied using radical scavenging activity, β-carotene bleaching, reducing power assay, and the TBARs tests. The daily oral administration of the extracts for twelve weeks significantly improved the lipid profile in a dose-dependent manner, from the first until the twelfth week, and also showed a significant antioxidant effect. These findings may be potentially contributive to the validation of the medicinal use of Z. officinale to treat hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular complications.
Highlights
Cardiac pathologies are frequently the first death cause in the world
The determination of total polyphenol content of Z. officinale crude aqueous extract and methanol extract by the FolinCiocalteu method showed that the crude and methanol extract contain a high concentration of polyphenols: 15.34 ± 2.21 mg/g of GAE and 27.12 ± 3.08 mg/g of GAE and for the crude aqueous extract and the methanolic fraction, respectively, as well as high flavonoids content, it was expressed as 4.20 ± 1.23 mg/g of quercetin equivalent and 11.67 ± 2.86 mg/g of quercetin equivalent for the ZOAE and the ZOMF, respectively (Table 1)
R et al [32] found, which proved that the methanolic extract of Z. officinale contains more phenolic compounds than the raw aqueous extract of Z. officinale
Summary
Cardiac pathologies are frequently the first death cause in the world. According to the World Health Organization, 31% of global deaths in 2012 were consequent of cardiovascular affections (World Health Organization, 2015). In the 21st century, lifestyle and food quality have changed, the sedentary lifestyle is more frequent, and high fat/high sugar foods more consumed by the global population, which make them exposed to hyperlipidemia [1]. Hyperlipidemia is a potent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases [2]. Hypercholesterolemia and increased lipoproteins blood level, especially low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C), are directly involved in atherosclerogenesis and subsequently atheroma plaque genesis [3]. Redox imbalance events promote the increase of oxidized
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