Abstract
Cancer is a disease that invades the lives of millions of people each year. Chemotherapy is currently the most effective treatment however resulting in many adverse effects to the human body. Alternative treatments are being explored to overcome this obstacle. Peptides that possess radical scavenging activity and bioactive properties can be advantageous in prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. In this study, Lablab purpureus isolate and its hydrolysates (trypsin, pepsin and alcalase) were analysed for radical scavenging potential (DPPH, ABTS, superoxide radical scavenging and FRAP) and antiproliferative activity. Antiproliferative activity was confirmed with the peptides ability to induce apoptosis (Caspase 3/7 activity and Annexin V-PI). The lowest inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for DPPH, ABTS and Superoxide radical scavenging ranged between 1.81-4.47, 1.73-2.42 and 1.36-4.41 mg/mL, respectively. FRAP ranged from 19.20 to 21.94 mg/mL. Generally, it is considered that a good antioxidant encompasses antiproliferative potential. Cell lines, A549, MCF-7 and HEK293, treated with pepsin hydrolysate showed (IC50 values of 119.6, 9.80 and 13.86 µg/mL). The isolate and pepsin were chosen for apoptotic studies. The pepsin hydrolysate showed the highest inhibition in the cancerous cell lines (A549 and MCF-7) without greatly effecting normal cells (HEK293), and the isolate was selected for comparative analysis. Annexin V-PI staining showed cells in different stages of apoptosis (cells during early apoptosis; A549, 42%; MCF-7, 17%; HEK, 34%). Caspase 3/7 assay demonstrated that the peptide causes an increase in caspase activity. Peptides have the potential to act as chemo-preventative agents due to their antioxidant and apoptotic abilities.
Highlights
The World Health Organisation (WHO) reports that cancer cases will rise from 14 million in 2012 to 22 million within two decades (Chalamaiah et al, 2018; Sharma et al, 2020)
Antioxidants can be described as an agent that can protect cells from the damaging effects caused by free radicals
Protein hydrolysates were prepared using the method by Tang et al (2009) with some modifications
Summary
The World Health Organisation (WHO) reports that cancer cases will rise from 14 million in 2012 to 22 million within two decades (Chalamaiah et al, 2018; Sharma et al, 2020). Chemotherapy is still regarded as the most effective treatment of cancers even though it is costly and has many unavoidable side effects (Chen et al, 2018). Antioxidants can be described as an agent that can protect cells from the damaging effects caused by free radicals. Free radicals are natural by-products of cell metabolism, aging and environmental factors (Badarinath et al, 2010; Jahanbani et al, 2016). Diets rich in antioxidant have reported to reduce the risk of many developing diseases (Jahanbani et al, 2016; Chen et al, 2018). Legumes with high antioxidant potential like; Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Lima beans) have been reported to be beneficial in inhibiting cancers (López-Cortez et al, 2016; Guleria et al, 2020) Fabaceae (Soybean) and Phaseolus lunatus L. (Lima beans) have been reported to be beneficial in inhibiting cancers (López-Cortez et al, 2016; Guleria et al, 2020)
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