Abstract
Drynariae rhizoma has been used to prevent bone loss that occurs with increasing age. However, the chemical compounds in extracts that act on bone metabolism in herbal medicine are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate and compare the extraction efficacy of polyphenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and in vitro anti-osteoporosis properties of water extract (DR-DW) and ethanol extract (DR-EtOH) from D. rhizoma. Total phenolics and flavonoids were better extracted with 70% EtOH, and this extraction method also resulted in higher antioxidant activity and in vitro anti-osteoporosis properties in these extracts. In particular, the contents of phloroglucinol, protocatechuic acid ethyl ester, 2-amino-3,4-dimethyl-benzoic acid, 3-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, trans-ferulic acid, (−)-epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin dehydrate, luteolin and emodin in DR-EtOH were higher than those in DR-DW. These results indicated that DR-EtOH could be a good source of natural herbs with anti-osteoporosis properties.
Highlights
Osteoporosis is a leading cause of fractures, especially among the elderly [1]
From quantitative and morphological observations on mouse osteoblastic cells, this study suggests that the ethanol extract from D. rhizoma may have a greater effect on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic cells and activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) compared with the water extract, suggesting that the ethanol extract from D. rhizoma might be more effective against disease processes in bone
This study investigated the effects of water and ethanol extracts from
Summary
Osteoporosis is a leading cause of fractures, especially among the elderly [1]. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered to be involved in the onset of a number of age-associated conditions [2,3].The free radical theory of aging provides much support for the role of ROS, such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals in the initiation and progression of the aging process [4].Aged animals have been shown to produce higher levels of ROS compared with younger animals. A deleterious effect of oxidative stress in bone and an increase in ROS with advancing age represents a pathophysiological mechanism underlying age-related bone loss (2). Excessive oxidative stress may lead to extensive bone loss and skeletal fragility, characteristic of osteoporosis [8,9]. The process of bone formation, remodeling and healing involves a coordinated action of various cell types. Osteoblast cells undergo DNA synthesis and cell division, resulting in a rapid increase in cell number until confluent. At this point, osteoblasts produce alkaline phosphatase (ALP) that indicates the occurrence of mature osteoblasts [11,12]
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