Abstract
Purpose: The study aims to assess the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic leaf extracts of Hibiscus asper and Hibiscus sabdariffa against eight bacterial isolates. Materials and Methods: An in vitro Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic leaf extract of the two plants against eight nosocomical and pathogenic bacteria viz; Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE), Proteus vulgaris (PVU), Klebsiella aerogenes (KAE), Staphylococcus aureus (SAU), Bacillus cereus (BCE), Escherichia coli (ECO), Moraxella catarrhalis (MCA) and Salmonella typhi (STY) was carried out using agar well diffusion assay with the concentration range of 3.13 – 100 mg/mL. Results: H. asper and H. sabdariffa showed significant difference (p< 0.05) in antimicrobial activity against BCE over the rest of the isolates. Inhibition zone diameters exhibited by the isolates to ethanolic leaf extract of H. asper was in descending order of BCE (15.00 ± 1.00a) >ECO (11.67 ± 0.58b) >SAU (7.67 ± 0.58c) >PAE (6.67 ± 0.58d) >STY (5.67 ± 0.58e) while that of H. sabdariffa was in the order BCE (15.33 ± 1.15a) > MCA (11.33 ± 1.15b) > SAU (11.00 ± 1.00bc) > KAE (9.67 ± 0.58c) > PAE (8.00 ± 1.00d) >PVU (7.67 ± 0.57e). PVU, KAE and MCA were resistant to the extract of H. asper while only STY was resistant to that of H. sabdariffa. Conclusion: H. sabdariffa extract demonstrated higher antimicrobial activity against the selected bacterial isolates than H. asper. However, the two extracts minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) ranged from 25 mg/mL to 12.5 mg/mL. This is worthy of further exploration by pharmacological industries in the formulation of potent broad spectrum antibiotics for combating the present health challenge due to antimicrobial resistance.
Highlights
Plants are nature’s prodigious endowment for human and animals’ boundless use
The results of the leaf processing percentage yield (LPPY), mean values for the antimicrobial activity and Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of the ethanolic leaf extract of H. asper and H. sabdariffa are presented in Table 1 to 4
Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic leaf extract of H. asper was more evident in Bacillus cereus (BCE) having the highest inhibition zone (Table 2) with significant difference (p< 0.05) over other isolates in descending order of BCE (15.00 ± 1.00a) >Escherichia coli (ECO) (11.67 ± 0.58b) >Staphylococcus aureus (SAU) (7.67 ± 0.58c) >Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE) (6.67 ± 0.58d) >Salmonella typhi (STY) (5.67 ± 0.58e)
Summary
Plants are nature’s prodigious endowment for human and animals’ boundless use This usage among others encompasses nutritional and medicinal. Most of these plants grow luxuriantly in an attractive lush during raining season but rapidly faded away as soon as dry season sets in. Wumnokol et al (2019) reported the inclusion of Acha (Digitaria exilis Staph) in the diet of broiler chickens as beneficial on the haematological parameters. It was reported by Ukorebi et al (2019) that 10% dietary level of Gongronema latifolia (Utasi) supported normal health by enhancing the blood building capacity and performance of broiler chickens
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