Abstract
Soybean root and stem rots caused by soil-borne pathogens are diseases commonly found in soybean fields, and one of the most important causes of crop losses. In the present study, the mycelial sensitivity of Fusarium virguliforme, F. tucumaniae, Sclerotin ia sclerotiorum and Macrophomina phaseolina was evaluated on potato dextrose agar media (25 mL) supplemented with different concen trations of manganese phosphite (MnPhi) diluted in water (0, 25, 37.5, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 800 and 1000 µg/mL). Mycelial growth sensitivity was analyzed using logarithmic linear regression analysis. The MnPhi concentration needed to inhibit 50% of the my celial growth (IC50) ranged from 105 µg/mL (Fusarium spp.) to 409 µg/mL (M. phaseolina). Sclerotia were completely inhibited at 500 µg/mL. The results of our study represent the first report on the di rect in vitro fungicidal/fungistatic action of MnPhi against fungi that are causal agents of soil-borne diseases.
Highlights
Soybean is the main crop in Argentina, with a planted area of 19.78 million hectares in the 2013/2014 growing season
The highest IC50 was determined for M. phaseolina followed by S. sclerotiorum
In the Petri dish, formation of sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum was completely inhibited over 500 μg/mL and mycelial growth was null at 1000 μg/mL (Fig. 1)
Summary
Soybean is the main crop in Argentina, with a planted area of 19.78 million hectares in the 2013/2014 growing season. Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanish, Pythium spp., Phytophthora sojae (Kaufman & Gerdman) and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary, are among the most important soil-borne pathogens causing root and stem rots, and yield-reducing diseases (Hartman et al, 1999; Scandiani et al, 2010; Ploper et al, 2011; Carmona et al, 2015; Grijalba & Gally, 2015). All these soybean soil-borne pathogens attack many species of cultivated plants, and develop different survival structures such as chlamydospores, microsclerotia, sclerotia and oospores. This is why the common management strategies, such as genetic resistance, seed treatment with fungicides and crop rotation, generally fail to provide adequate control of soil-borne diseases (Dorrance et al, 2009; Gupta et al, 2012; Leandro et al, 2012)
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