Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate in vitro anticoccidial effect of olive pulp (Olea europaea L var. Chemlal) extract on the destruction of Eimeria spp. oocysts isolated from infected chickens naturally. The olive pulp (OP) powder was stirred manually in aqueous ethanol in preparation for extraction using the microwave-assisted extraction system. The identification of the phenolic compounds was obtained by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with electrospray ionisation (HPLC-ESI-MS). The treatment of Eimeria oocyst with OP extract and standard compounds (quercetin and oleuropein) leads to their lysis as shown by the release of substances absorbing at 273nm. Our results showed that the maximum number of reduced oocysts was recorded after 8h of incubation of optimum OP extract, quercetin and oleuropein for different periods of time. Also, the number of Eimeria oocysts decreased considerably with increase concentrations after adding the optimum of OP extract in concentration ranging from 0.023 to 0.371mg/ml. Positive correlation between the optimum OP extract concentrations and the number of Eimeria oocysts reduced was R2 = 0.959. From this in vitro experiment, it can be concluded that the OP extract possesses an anti-Eimeria spp activity. To our knowledge, this is the first time that quercetin and oleuropein were tested to evaluate their anticoccidial activity. The findings of this study showed that phenolic compound of OP extract tested separately possesses anti-Eimeria spp. effect. Further studies should be carried out to test its in vivo efficacy of the OP bioactive compounds in broiler chickens.
Highlights
Coccidiosis is one of the most important diseases of poultry worldwide caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria
This is the first study to evaluate the effect of anticoccidial of the olive pulp (OP) optimum
Chemlal) extract and their phenolic compounds directly on the viability of Eimeria oocysts collected from broiler chicken parasites in vitro
Summary
Coccidiosis is one of the most important diseases of poultry worldwide caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria. This infection causes an extensive destruction of the enterocytes [1] which results in reduced feed efficiency, It is very necessary to intensify control, especially in the current intensive farming conditions; because Eimeria oocysts are ubiquitous, disseminated in the broilers houses and their large reproduction potential [4]. Several factors can facilitate the disease development such as Eimeria virulence, high oocyst challenge, poor ventilation, high stocking density, low immune status of the host, bacterial enteritis, high humidity in litter and a lack of effectiveness of anticoccidial drugs.
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