Abstract
Objectives:The aim of the present research is to elucidate the anti-oxidant and anti-tumor activities of the mucin extracted from Ereminia desertorum snails´ mucus against two types of tumor cell lines; human colon adenocarcinoma (CACO-2) cells and human hepatoma (HepG-2) cells. Methods:Both cell lines were treated with Ereminia desertorum snails´ mucin and the oxidative markers were measured in culture media and cells by biochemical and gene expression analysis using RT-PCR. The tumor suppressor gene expression was also evaluated using RT-PCR. Results:The culture media of HepG-2 or CACO-2 cells treated with the extract have high significant increased levels of catalase, SOD, GSH and total antioxidants. Apart from SOD in CACO-2 cells that didn’t differ from untreated cells. Also, Gene expression levels (2^-ddct) of the antioxidant markers in HepG-2 cells; GSTA-1, catalase, SOD, and GPx increased in mucin- treated cells. Also, these antioxidant genetic markers were up-regulated in CACO-2 cells by treatment with mucin extract. Gene expression levels (2^-ddct) of tumor suppression genes (p53, Rb, APC, and PTEN) in both HepG-2 and CaCO-2 cells were increased in mucin extract-treated cells. Conclusion:The present study highlighted the anti-oxidant and the anti-cancer activities of the mucin extracted from E. desertorum snails´ mucus that could attract attention to such natural product as a possible source of therapeutic compounds against liver and colon cancers.
Highlights
Mollusca is the second largest invertebrate phylum (Sao Mai, 2014; Vinarski et al, 2020) that have a global distribution (Abd-El Azeem et al, 2020)
The aim of the present study is to investigate the antioxidant and anti-tumor activities of the mucin extracted from Ereminia desertorum snailsmucus against two types of tumor cell lines; CACO-2 and HepG-2 cells
Gene expression levels (2^-ddct) of Antioxidant markers in HepG-2 cells; GSTA-1, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) showed increased expression in cells treated with the mucin extract by (2.46, 2.98, 4.62 and 3.40), respectively when compared to the cells treated with lead nitrate (0.40, 0.32, 0.32 and 0.31)
Summary
Mollusca is the second largest invertebrate phylum (Sao Mai, 2014; Vinarski et al, 2020) that have a global distribution (Abd-El Azeem et al, 2020) They inhabited freshwater, marine and terrestrial habitat (Neubauer et al, 2015). Terrestrial snails are widely used in traditional medicine and as food resources because of their high content of protein (Ulagesan and Kim, 2018) These snails secrete mucus secretions called slime (Etim et al, 2016). It serves in protection of the animal from desiccation and infection by microorganisms due to its antimicrobial properties (Nantarat et al, 2019). This mucus consists of a mixture of mucopolysaccharides and glycoproteins (Skingsley et al, 2000), which may contribute to its beneficial pharmacological activities (Gabriel et al, 2011; Abd-El Azeem et al, 2020)
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