In-Vitro Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Surfactin-Loaded Nanoparticles for Periodontitis Treatment.

Athira Johnson,Zwe-Ling Kong,Sabah Ansar,Fanbin Kong,Song Miao,Sabu Thomas

doi:10.3390/nano11020356

Abstract

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease associated with biofilm formation and gingival recession. The practice of nanotechnology in the clinical field is increased overtime due to its potential advantages in drug delivery applications. Nanoparticles can deliver drugs into the targeted area with high efficiency and cause less damages to the tissues. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of surfactin-loaded κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides linked cellulose nanofibers (CO-CNF) nanoparticles. Three types of surfactin-loaded nanoparticles were prepared based on the increasing concentration of surfactin such as 50SNPs (50 mg surfactin-loaded CO-CNF nanoparticles), 100SNPs (100 mg surfactin-loaded CO-CNF nanoparticles), and 200SNPs (200 mg surfactin-loaded CO-CNF nanoparticles). The results showed that the nanoparticles inhibited the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The reduction in biofilm formation and metabolic activity of the bacteria were confirmed by crystal violet and MTT assay, respectively. Besides, an increase in oxidative stress was also observed in bacteria. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory effects of surfactin-loaded CO-CNF nanoparticles was observed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells. A decrease in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), transcription factor, and cytokines were observed in the presence of nanoparticles. Collectively, these observations supported the use of surfactin-loaded CO-CNF as a potential candidate for periodontitis management.

Highlights

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease initiated by bacterial biofilm formation and progressed by inflammation
We have evaluated the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of surfactin-loaded carrageenan oligosaccharides linked cellulose nanofibers (CO-cellulose nanofibers (CNF))
Our results show that the nanoparticles, especially 200SNPs, reduced the bacterial viability by inducing oxidative stress, and the inhibition of bacterial biofilm was observed in the presence of nanoparticles

Summary

Introduction

A decrease in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), transcription factor, and cytokines were observed in the presence of nanoparticles. These observations supported the use of surfactin-loaded CO-CNF as a potential candidate for periodontitis management. Periodontitis is mainly developed due to the formation of biofilms by microorganisms, and these biofilms are the organized bacterial communities and it leads to local inflammation in the gingiva [5] Species such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Eikenella corrodens, F. nucleatum, Treponema denticola, Streptococcus mutans, and Campylobacter rectus are well-known to cause periodontitis [6,7]. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation are increased under periodontitis conditions It causes fibroblast DNA damage and affects polymorphonuclear leukocytes by increasing hydrogen peroxide production.

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Discussion

Conclusion