Abstract
AimsTo determine antibacterial activity of Ocimum suave essential oils against bacterial uropathogens.Study DesignA cross sectional and experimental study.Place and Duration of StudySix selected hospitals in Bushenyi District, Uganda between June 2012 and July 2013.MethodologyClean catch midstream urine samples were collected and inoculated on Cystine Lysine Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) agar. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24hrs to 48hrs. The O. suave essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation of leaves for 4hrs using a Clevenger apparatus. The oil was collected and dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) and kept at 4°C till further use. The antimicrobial activity of O. suave essential oils against isolates was determined by agar well method. The MIC of O. suave essential oil extract was carried out by microbroth dilution method.ResultsOf the three hundred (300) midstream urine samples collected, 67(22.33%) had significant bacterial growth. Escherichia coli is the most common isolate (61.19%, n = 41). The essential oil from O. suave showed activity against isolates of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, E. feacalis, M. morganii, Citrobacter species, Enterobacter species and P. aeruginosa with mean zone of inhibition (ZI) ranging from 10–22 mm. The essential oils had no inhibitory activity on Acinetobacter species. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for O. suave essential oils ranged from 0.78 to 22 μg/ml. This study showed that O. suave essential oils had MIC value of 0.78 μg/ml against S. aureus and MIC values ranging from 3 to 22 μg/ml against the other tested isolates.ConclusionThe most common uropathogen was E. coli (61.19% n = 41). O. suave essential oils exhibited antibacterial activity against majority of the uropathogens, except Acinetobacter species, mean ZI of 10–22 mm and MIC of 0.78 – 22 μg/ml.
Highlights
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are commonly encountered conditions, especially in developing countries, with an estimated annual global incidence of at least 250 million [1,2,3]
This study showed that O. suave essential oils had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.78 μg/ml against S. aureus and MIC values ranging from 3 to 22 μg/ml against the other tested isolates
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are mainly caused by bacteria and the findings in this study showed that nine bacterial uropathogens were isolated from 67 midstream clean catch urine samples of which E. coli was the most frequent isolate 41(61.19%), followed by S. aureus, 10(14.93%), K. pneumoniae 4(5.97%), E. feacalis 4(5.97%), M. morganii 3(4.89%), and Citrobacter species 2(2.99%)
Summary
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are commonly encountered conditions, especially in developing countries, with an estimated annual global incidence of at least 250 million [1,2,3]. The recent studies by Andabati and Byamugisha [8] found the prevalence at 13.3% and drug resistance occurrence of 20–62% in Mulago Hospital, Uganda. Escherichia coli and other enterobacteriacae are the most common cause of UTIs and account for approximately 75% of the isolates [3]. The relative frequencies of the pathogens vary with age, sex, catheterization, and hospitalization [3,9]. E. coli causes 75– 90% acute uncomplicated cystitis while S. saprophyticus accounts for 5–15%, mainly in younger women [4,10,11,12]. It is not always possible to trace the mode of entry of bacteria into the urinary tract, four possible routes of entry have been suggested; ascending infection; haematogenous spread; lymphogenous spread, and direct extension from another organ [13]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
