Abstract
Background: The role of Ethno-pharmacology is important to discover the new biologically active compounds. The process usually starts with searching of useful plants from different records to the development of methods for the industrial production of drugs. World Health Organization (WHO) states that more than 80% of population of the world makes the use of plants for the treatment of diseases. The extensive use of plants for therapeutic purposes has the history of centuries. Herbal pharmaceuticals have treated many diseases and confirmed the importance of medicinal plants on curative ground. The aim of this study was to evaluate in-vitro antibacterial activity of traditionally used Acacia nilotica by aqueous and Ethanolic extraction, against Lactobacilli casei. 
 Methodology: Disc diffusion method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out according to the Kirby-Bauer method to assess the presence of antibacterial activities of Ethanolic and Aqueous extracts of Acacia nilotica, against Lactobacillus casei. Results: It was found that Ethanolic extracts have antibacterial activity which was close to the positive controls (standards) of the study; 2.5% Sodium hypochlorite and 2% Chlorhexidine.
 Conclusion: it was concluded that Ethanolic extract of Acacia nilotica, possesses antibacterial activity against Lactobacillus casei.
Highlights
Lactobacilli, among adults, are found to present in the caries of tooth root [1,2] and in caries of dentine and are associated with pulpitis
It was found that Ethanolic extracts have antibacterial activity which was close to the positive controls of the study; 2.5% Sodium hypochlorite and 2% Chlorhexidine
World Health Organization (WHO) states that more than 80% of population of the world makes the use of plants for the treatment of diseases [9]
Summary
Lactobacilli, among adults, are found to present in the caries of tooth root [1,2] and in caries of dentine and are associated with pulpitis. In a study of van Strijp et al [4], both intact and entirely demineralized dentine, were employed together in the fabricated partial prosthetic appliances of 8 individuals to investigate the influence of the type of substrate on the composition of the bacterial flora. They found that lactobacilli in the dentine specimens were positively associated to the depth of lesion (10.2 ± 13.9 %). World Health Organization (WHO) states that more than 80% of population of the world makes the use of plants for the treatment of diseases.
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