Abstract
BackgroundMany bacteria among the Enterobacteria family are involved in infectious diseases and diarrhoea. Most of these bacteria become resistant to the most commonly used synthetic drugs in Cameroon. Natural substances seem to be an alternative to this problem. Thus the aim of this research was to investigate the in vitro antibacterial activity of the methanol and aqueous-methanol extracts of Sida rhombifolia Linn (Malvaceae) against seven pathogenic bacteria involved in diarrhoea. Acute toxicity of the most active extract was determined and major bioactive components were screened.MethodsThe agar disc diffusion and the agar dilution method were used for the determination of inhibition diameters and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MICs) respectively. The acute toxicity study was performed according WHO protocol.ResultsThe aqueous-methanol extract (1v:4v) was the most active with diameters of inhibition zones ranging from 8.7 - 23.6 mm, however at 200 μg/dic this activity was relatively weak compared to gentamycin. The MICs of the aqueous-methanol extract (1v:4v) varied from 49.40 to 78.30 μg/ml. Salmonella dysenteriae was the most sensitive (49.40 μg/ml). For the acute toxicity study, no deaths of rats were recorded. However, significant increase of some biochemical parameters such as aspartate amino-transferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatinine (CRT) were found. The phytochemical analysis of the aqueous methanol extract indicated the presence of tannins, polyphenols, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids and saponinsConclusionThe results showed that the aqueous-methanol extract of S. rhombifolia exhibited moderate antibacterial activity. Some toxic effects were found when rats received more than 8 g/kg bw of extract.Antibacterial; Enterobacteria; Acute toxicity; Phytochemical analysis
Highlights
Many bacteria among the Enterobacteria family are involved in infectious diseases and diarrhoea
Antibacterial activity The results of the in vitro antibacterial activity of methanol and aqueous methanol extracts determined by diameters of inhibition zones are presented in Additional file 1
These results indicated that the diameters of inhibition zones varied from 8.7 - 23.6 mm and 19.4 - 26.5 for the extracts and gentamycin respectively
Summary
Many bacteria among the Enterobacteria family are involved in infectious diseases and diarrhoea. The aim of this research was to investigate the in vitro antibacterial activity of the methanol and aqueous-methanol extracts of Sida rhombifolia Linn (Malvaceae) against seven pathogenic bacteria involved in diarrhoea. It has been reported that diarrhoea is the most infant mortality disease in the world, mostly in developing countries. S. rhombifolia is one of the most important species among the twenty genus of Sida used as medicinal plant through out the world It possesses antiseptic, wound-healing activities and it is used for the treatment of diarrhoea, cough, ulcer, abscess and furuncle both in Madagascar and in Cameroon [6,7]. In India, infusion of leaves of S. rhombifolia has been shown to possess diuretic and aphrodisiac effects It is used there for the treatment of dysenteriae, tuberculosis, skin, urogenital diseases and as food [8]. As a contribution to the search of non toxic, novel antibacterial principle from medicinal plants of Cameroon, results of in vitro antibacterial investigation is being reported
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