In vitro anti-oxidant, anti-glycation, and bile acid-lowering capacity of chickpea milk fermented with Lactiplantibacillus pentosus Himuka-SU5 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis Amami-SU1

Abstract

In the present study, we developed new functional food materials from chickpea (Cicer arietinum) milk (CM) with desirable nutritional value, health functions, and rheology to mitigate lifestyle and age-related diseases. The anti-oxidant, anti-glycation, and bile acid-lowering properties of CM fermented with the lactic acid bacteria Lactiplantibacillus pentosus Himuka-SU5 (LpFCM) and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis Amami-SU1 (LcFCM) were determined in vitro. L. pentosus Himuka-SU5 and L. lactis Amami-SU1 were found to lower the pH from 6.4 to 4.7 at 12 and 48 h, respectively. The lactic acid concentration in LpFCM and LcFCM was 6.9 and 4.4 mg/mL, respectively. Both starters were found to degrade the dissolved proteins in CM, and L. lactis Amami-SU1 produced ammonia. Though the total phenolic content was slightly lower in LpFCM and LcFCM than in unfermented CM, O2− radical-scavenging capacity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging capacity, and Fe-reducing power were high in both LpFCM and LcFCM. Anti-glycation in a bovine serum albumin-fructose model and the bile acid-lowering capacities of CM were distinctly increased following fermentation. Based on the results of the present study, we inferred that fermented CM can be considered a desirable food material to prevent and ameliorate chronic lifestyle diseases, particularly in the elderly.