Abstract
Globally, cancer remains the second-whacking cause of mortality. Several studies, like in vitro cell studies, clinical trials, in vivo studies, and cohort studies, have authenticated the anticancer potency of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) against various cancer types. The present study reports the in vitro anticancer potency of PUFA produced by Mortierella elongata (Accession No. OK402027) against Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) breast cancer cell lines. The biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of M. elongata lipids were evaluated against human embryonic kidney and MCF-7 cells, respectively. The anti-proliferative activity of M. elongata lipids was examined at three different concentrations based on the inhibitory concentration (IC50) value. The apoptotic activity of M. elongata lipids was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy by implementing three different staining methods, such as acridine orange/ethidium bromide, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, and propidium iodide. Further, the biological activity of M. elongata on apoptosis induction, cell cycle progression, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were evaluated. The MTT assay revealed the anti-proliferative activity of M. elongata lipids, and the IC50 value of M. elongata lipids at 24 h was found to be 28 ± 1.3 μg/mL. A significant decrease in the percentage of live cells with 57.36% of apoptotic and 14.10% of necrotic cells was revealed in cells treated with 100 μg/mL of M. elongata lipids. Anti-proliferative activity is associated with increased ROS generation and the loss of MMP. The lipids of M. elongata induced a dose-dependent G1 arrest and were found to be more effective at 100 μg/ml, accumulating 54.49% of MCF-7 cells in the G1 phase. Taken together, the present study has confirmed the in vitro anticancer potency of M. elongata lipids via apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
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