Abstract
Abstract To determine in vitro anti-aging activity and identify the active chemical constituents in Ginkgo leaf extracts. The antioxidant properties of Ginkgo biloba leaves extracts were evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6 sulfonic acid radical (ABTS) scavenging assays. The inhibitory effects of extracts and chemical constituents on reactive oxygen species, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and collagen tpye I level were tested using human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC/MS/MS) were used to quantitatively analyze flavonoids and terpene trilactones in the extraction. The established quantitative analysis method was validated according to the regulatory guidelines. The extraction and compounds kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, myricetin, ginkgolide A and bilobalide could have potential anti-aging activities of G. biloba. The results suggest that G. biloba could be used as anti-aging products and as a cosmetic and medicinal raw material.
Highlights
Skin aging is a complex biological phenomenon due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors
Ginkgo leaf was collected from Jiangsu province, China (Pizhou medicinal store). 732 cation adsorption resin and HPD5000 macroporous adsorption resin were purchased from Tianjin Nankai University resin Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzo thiazoline)-6 sulfonic acid (ABTS) were obtained from Biodee Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China)
The results showed that the extraction showed significant DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities with IC50 of 0.103 mg/mL and 0.052 mg/mL
Summary
Skin aging is a complex biological phenomenon due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. ROS directly cause skin aging via oxidative damage of lipids, proteins, and DNA of the skin. They can indirectly induce the production of MMPs via the MAP kinase pathway (Fisher et al, 2002). Flavonoids are the main contributors to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of the extract (Baek et al, 2016), whereas terpene trilactones are the main contributors to blood microcirculation and neuroprotective effects (Jiang et al, 2014). The relationship between skin anti-aging activity and the chemical constituents in the leaf extract of G. biloba has not been investigated in detail. The present study was performed to investigate the anti-aging activities of the extraction and main chemical constituents in G. biloba through DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging, ROS scavenging, MMP-1 inhibitory and collagen promoting activities. The results wish to support the use of G. biloba leaf as a raw material in anti-aging cosmetic products in future
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