In vitro anthelmintic activity and safety of different plant species against the ovine gastrointestinal nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta

Abstract

The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic activity and safety of methanolic and aqueous extracts of 9 plants against the ovine GIN Teladorsagia circumcincta. Initially the ovicidal efficacy of all extracts was tested at 50 mg/ml and at 1%, this last concentration for the methanolic extract of Elettaria cardamomum, by the Egg Hatch Assay. In those extracts with efficacy higher than 95%, the effective concentration required to inhibit 50% of egg hatching (EC50) and their cytotoxicity, as the lethal dose 50 (LC50), was also measured. The aqueous extracts of Aesculus hippocastanum, Isatis tinctoria, Chelidonium majus, E. cardamomum and Sisymbrium irio, with EC50 values ranging 1.30–2.88 mg/ml, and the aqueous extract of Jasminum polyanthum with a value of 6.41 mg/ml, showed the highest activities. The aqueous extract of J. polyanthum was the safest extract, followed by methanolic extract of E. cardamomum and aqueous extract of S. irio, all of them with a Selective Index higher than 1. According to our results, there is no correlation between the amount of total phenols or total tannins with the anthelmintic activity of the plants tested. Although results need to be interpreted with caution, as in vitro activity may not automatically translate into in vivo efficacy, those extracts with SI equal or higher than 1 and EC50 equal or lower than 6 mg/ml, could be taken into account for being used subsequently as feed or food additives in infected sheep.