Abstract
The Paeonia emodi (P. emodi)-mediated iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) were screened for in-vitro and in-vivo antibacterial activity against the Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (ATCC #: 6538) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) (ATCC #:15224). The synthesized Fe2O3 NPs were characterized via nitrogen adsorption-desorption process, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission and scanning electron microscopies (TEM and SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. The SBET was found to be 94.65 m2/g with pore size of 2.99 nm, whereas the average crystallite and particles size are 23 and 27.64 nm, respectively. The 4 μg/mL is the MIC that inhibits the growth of E. coli, whereas those for S. aureus are below the detection limit (<1.76 μg/mL). The tolerance limit of the mice model was inspected by injecting different concentration of Fe2O3 NPs and bacteria suspensions. The 14 ppm suspension was the tolerated dose and the concentration above were proved lethal. The most severe infection was induced in mice with injection of 3 × 107 CFUs of both bacteria, while the inoculation of higher concentrations of bacterial suspensions resulted in the mice’s death. The histopathological and hematological studies reveals that the no/negligible infection was found in the mice exposed to the simultaneous inoculation of Fe2O3 NPs (14 ppm) and bacterial suspensions (3 × 107 CFUs).
Highlights
The high frequency of bacterial infection and the developing of drug-resistant strain against the common used antibiotic is a grand change all over the world [1]
An easy and eco-friendly attempt was made for the synthesis of Fe2O3 NPs and the highly crystalline nature and nano-range particles was confirmed through different physicochemical techniques
The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) concentration for S. aureus was found to be less than 1.76 mg/L, whereas that for E. coli was 3.51 mg/L
Summary
The high frequency of bacterial infection and the developing of drug-resistant strain against the common used antibiotic is a grand change all over the world [1]. It is critical to fight against bacterial infections with conventional antibiotic therapy and the increasing number of resistant microbes a serious health problem [2]. New methods and novel antimicrobial agents are needed for the treatment of incurable microbial infections to secure health around the globe [3]. The recent development in nanotechnology have enable the researchers to treat microbial infections using atomic scale particles. These extremely small particles possess high antibacterial potential to kill or reduce the bacterial colonies, provide larger surface to contact with disease causing microbes. The nanomaterials are extensively used for biomedical applications (i.e., nano-medicines, food preservation, wound dressing, protective clothing, disinfection, drug delivery and antimicrobial agents) [4]
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