Abstract
BackgroundType 2 diabetes is a serious problem for developed and developing countries. Prevention of prediabetes progression to type 2 diabetes with the use of natural products appears to be a cost-effective solution. Zingiber mioga has been used as a traditional food in Asia. Recent research has reported the potential health benefits of Zingiber mioga, but the blood glucose reducing effect has not been yet evaluated.MethodsIn this study Zingiber mioga extracts (water and ethanol) were investigated for their anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant potential using both in vitro and animal models. The in vitro study evaluated the total phenolic content, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and the inhibitory effect against carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes (porcine pancreatic α-amylase and rat intestinal sucrase and maltase) of both Zingiber mioga extracts. Also, the extracts were evaluated for their in vivo post-prandial blood glucose reducing effect using SD rat and db/db mice models.ResultsOur findings suggest that the ethanol extract of Zingiber mioga (ZME) exhibited the higher sucrase and maltase inhibitory activity (IC50, 3.50 and 3.13 mg/mL) and moderate α-amylase inhibitory activity (IC50, >10 mg/mL). Additionally, ZME exhibited potent peroxyl radical scavenging linked antioxidant activity (0.53/TE 1 μM). The in vivo study using SD rat and db/db mice models also showed that ZME reduces postprandial increases of blood glucose level after an oral administration of sucrose by possibly acting as an intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitor (ZME 0.1 g/kg 55.61 ± 13.24 mg/dL)ConclusionThe results indicate that Zingiber mioga extracts exhibited significant in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant activity. Additionally, the tested extracts demonstrated in vivo anti-hyperglycemic effects using SD rat and db/db mice models. Our findings provide a strong rationale for the further evaluation of Zingiber mioga for the potential to contribute as a useful dietary strategy to manage postprandial hyperglycemia.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes is a serious problem for developed and developing countries
We determined that Zingiber mioga extracts (ZME) had a total phenolic content of 2697.31 mg/100 g which was higher than ZMW (2182.96 mg/100 g) (Table 1)
In vitro antioxidant capacity: peroxyl and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity The antioxidant activity of Zingiber mioga extracts was investigated for their radical-scavenging capacity using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay system
Summary
Type 2 diabetes is a serious problem for developed and developing countries. Prevention of prediabetes progression to type 2 diabetes with the use of natural products appears to be a cost-effective solution. Recent research has reported the potential health benefits of Zingiber mioga, but the blood glucose reducing effect has not been yet evaluated. Hyperglycemia, a rapid rise in blood glucose levels in NIDDM patients occurs due to hydrolysis of starch by pancreatic α-amylase and absorption of glucose in the small intestine by αglucosidases such as sucrase and maltase [3]. Inhibition of these carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes can significantly decrease the postprandial hyperglycemia after a mixed carbohydrate diet and can be a key strategy in the control of diabetes mellitus [4, 5]. Based on the previous obesity related findings, it is interesting to first evaluate the in vitro potential of mioga extracts again carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme using in vitro models and if inhibitory effect is observed, the extracts should be evaluated using an animal model
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