Abstract
Pouzolzia sanguinea grows in tropical and sub-tropical regions of Bangladesh, used for a variety of purposes including pain, rheumatoid kidney diseases in traditional medicine. The crude ethanolic leaf extract of P. sanguinea with its different fractions (ethanol, n-hexane, and chloroform) was investigated for phytochemical constituents, in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, in-vivo analgesic and antipyretic activities. Preliminary phytochemical constituents were identified by chemical group test. P. sanguinea fractionated extracts contain alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, gums, and amides. Antioxidant activity test was performed by both qualitative (TLC and Rf value) and quantitative tests (inhibition of DPPH free radical scavenging). Extracts exhibited significant (p <0.001, p <0.0001) inhibition of DPPH free radical scavenging activity as compared to the standard drug ascorbic acid at similar doses. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was determined by protein denaturation of egg albumin method. The percent inhibition of protein denaturation in the experiment of ethanol extract was found significantly higher (p <0.0001) compared with chloroform and n-hexane extracts. In addition, in vivo analgesic and antipyretic effects were determined in mice by acetic acid-induced writhing and yeast-induced pyrexia methods. The ethanol extracts of P. sanguinea exhibited inhibition of writhing reflex on mice by 71.58% at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight which had greater analgesic activity than other n-hexane and chloroform extracts. In the anti-pyretic test, fractional extracts ethanol, chloroform, and n-hexane at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight significantly (p <0.05) decreased pyrexia in mice up to 3 h as compared with the positive control paracetamol drug at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight. In our in vitro and in vivo study models, it is evident that Pouzolzia sanguinea fractionated extracts showed significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities. J. Bio-Sci. 29(2): 31-42, 2021 (December)
Highlights
Pouzolzia (Urticaceae family) is a genus of flowering plants in the nettle family (Wilmot-Dear et al 2004).There are about 35 species grown in tropical and sub-tropical countries (Kravtsova et al 2003)
Antipyretic activity of ethanol extract of P. sanguinea (EEPS), chloroform extract of P. sanguinea (CEPS) and n-hexane extract of P. sanguinea (NEPS) was evaluated on Swiss albino mice (25-30 g) of either sex
Preliminary phytochemical screening of P. sanguinea revealed that all three fractional extracts contained alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, tannins, flavonids, saponins, gums and amides except chloroform extracts where flavonoids were absent
Summary
Pouzolzia (Urticaceae family) is a genus of flowering plants in the nettle family (Wilmot-Dear et al 2004). The species, P. bennettiana of methanolic extracts reported phenolic, flavonoids compounds and antioxidant activities (Payum et al 2015). The cytotoxic activity of P. indica methanol extract has been shown to induce apoptosis of both NB4 and HT93A cell lines (Chanyapat et al 2013). Aerial parts of another species, P. zeylanica have been used as a folk medicine for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections, including skin abscesses, gangrenous ulcers, dysentery, syphilis, sores, boils, gonorrhea, in Fujian Provinces for over 2000 years (Dangol et al 1991, Van Sam et al 2008). The present work has evaluated the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities of P. sanguinea
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