In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of New Composite for Direct Pulp Capping

Julianne Coelho Silva,Yufeng Zhang,Ana Paula Alves,Richard Miron,Tainah Oliveira Rifane,Pierre Basílio Almeida Fechine,Antônio Ernando Ferreira-Junior,Elayne Valério Carvalho,Victor Pinheiro Feitosa,Despina Deligianni

doi:10.1155/2021/8414577

Julianne Coelho Silva, Yufeng Zhang + Show 8 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8414577

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Abstract

Objectives To investigate physicochemical properties, dentin bonding, cytotoxicity, and in vivo pulp response of experimental self-adhesive composites tailored to direct pulp capping. Materials and Methods Experimental composites were prepared with beta-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles adsorbed with simvastatin and glutathione added at 0% (control resin), 1 wt% (Res 1%), and 10 wt% (Res 10%). A commercial light-curable calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) (Ultra-Blend Plus) was used as control material. The physicochemical properties investigated were flexural strength and modulus, calcium release, and degree of conversion. Dentin bonding was assessed by the push-out test. Proliferation and cell counting assays were performed to evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity using fluorescence microscopy. In vivo pulp capping was performed on molars of Wistar rats, which were euthanized after 14 days and evaluated by histological analysis. Results No statistical difference was observed in flexural strength and cell viability (p > 0.05). Res 10% presented higher modulus than control resin and Ca(OH)2. Also, Res 10% attained statistically higher degree of conversion when compared to other experimental composites. Ca(OH)2 showed higher calcium release after 28 and 45 days of storage, with no statistical difference at 45 days to Res 10%. All experimental composites achieved significantly higher bond strength when compared to Ca(OH)2. While no significant difference was observed in the cell proliferation rates, resins at lower concentrations showed higher cell viability. In vivo evaluation of pulp response demonstrated no pulp damage with experimental composites. Conclusions The experimental composite investigated in this study achieved adequate physicochemical properties with minor in vivo pulpal inflammation and proved to be a valuable alternative for direct pulp capping.

Highlights

Dental caries remains a prominent disease affecting much of the world population, especially in countries with low socioeconomic conditions [1, 2]
The experimental composites were produced by mixing filler particles: (i) Res 0%-without bioactive fillers+50 wt% silanated barium glass fillers (0.7 μm mean size, Esstech Inc., Essignton, USA); (ii) Res 1% wt% hydroxyapatite with glutathione+1 wt% hydroxyapatite with simvastatin+1 wt% betatricalcium phosphate+47 wt% silanated barium glass; and (iii) Res 10%-10 wt% hydroxyapatite with glutathione+10 wt% hydroxyapatite with simvastatin+10 wt% beta-tricalcium phosphate+20 wt% silanated barium glass
Res 10% attained significantly higher conversion than control resin composite (p = 0:004) and Res 1% (p = 0:022), but no significant difference was found between Ca(OH)2

Summary

Introduction

Dental caries remains a prominent disease affecting much of the world population, especially in countries with low socioeconomic conditions [1, 2]. Deep caries and traumatic injury to the tooth can lead to pulpal exposure [2]. In this regard, pulp therapy is procedure performed with the aim of maintaining pulp vitality [3]. Standard treatments consist of the application of a material directly onto the exposed tissue [4]. These protective materials should ideally consist of bioactive properties to promote pulp cell activity and pulp healing, and the formation of new reparative dentin [3, 5]

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