In vitro and in vivo digestibility of prebiotic galactooligosacharides synthesized by β-galactosidase from Lactobacillus delbruecki subsp. bulgaricus CRL450.

Abstract

The general assumption that prebiotics reach the colon without any alterations has been challenged. Some in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that 'non-digestible' oligosaccharides are digested to different degrees depending on their structural composition. In the present study, we compared different methods aiming to assess the digestibility of oligosaccharides synthesized by β-galactosidase (β-gal) of Lactobacillus delbruecki subsp. bulgaricus CRL450 (CRL450-β-gal) from lactose, lactulose and lactitol. In the simulated gastrointestinal fluid method, no changes were observed. However, the oligosaccharides synthesized by CRL450-β-gal were partially hydrolyzed in vitro, depending on their structure and composition, with rat small intestinal extract (RSIE) and small intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) from pig. Digestion of some oligosaccharides increased when mixtures were fed to C57BL/6 mice used as in vivo model; however, lactulose-oligosaccharides were the most resistant to the physiological conditions of mice. In general β (1→6) linked products showed higher resistance compared to β (1→3) oligosaccharides. In vitro digestion methods, without disaccharidases, may underestimate the importance of carbohydrates hydrolysis in the small intestine. Although BVMM and RSIE digestion assays are appropriate in vitro methods for these studies, in vivo studies remain the most reliable for understanding what actually happens in the digestion of oligosaccharides. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.