In vitro and in vivo assessments of two novel hydrazide compounds against breast cancer as well as mammary tumor cells.

Abstract

The hydrazide backbone is a well-known structural core system found in a broad range of biologically activated compounds. Among which, the compounds with anticancer activity have been cited in a number of studies. With this object in mind, we focused on the in vitro and in vivo anticancer potential of two novel hydrazide derivatives bearing furan or thiophen substituents (compounds 1 and 2). The cytotoxic property was evaluated using MTT assay against MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cell line, while the in vivo antitumor activity was investigated in BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis, and detection of apoptosis was examined by Annexin-V-FLUOS/PI assay. Protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and procaspase-3 was estimated by Western blotting. Compounds 1 and 2 were found to be cytotoxic towards breast cancer cells presenting IC50 values of 0.7 and 0.18µM, respectively, and selectivity over normal fibroblast cells. Our findings further indicated that 2×IC50 concentrations of both compounds induce early stage apoptosis and increase percentage of sub-G1 population in MCF-7 cells at 48h. An elevation in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 cleavage suggested that apoptosis induced by the two compounds is through a caspase- and mitochondrial-dependent pathway. In the in vivo study, compounds 1 and 2 at doses of 10 and 1mg/Kg/day, respectively, significantly hindered the growth of tumor after 3weeks of i.p. administration, when compared to vehicle-treated mice. Collectively, the great potential exhibited by compound 2 could make it a promising chemotherapeutic candidate for human cancers, especially for breast cancer.