Abstract
Clinical use of portable optical tracking system in dentistry could improve the analysis of mandibular movements for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A new workflow for the acquisition of mandibular kinematics was developed. Reproducibility of measurements was tested in vitro and intra- and inter-rater repeatability were assessed in vivo in healthy volunteers. Prescribed repeated movements (n = 10) in three perpendicular directions of the tracking-device coordinate system were performed. Measurement error and coefficient of variation (CV) among repetitions were determined. Mandibular kinematics of maximum opening, left and right laterality, protrusion and retrusion of five healthy subjects were recorded in separate sessions by three different operators. Obtained records were blindly examined by three observers. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to estimate inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. Maximum in vitro measurement error was 0.54 mm and CV = 0.02. Overall, excellent intra-rater reliability (ICC > 0.90) for each variable, general excellent intra-rater reliability (ICC = 1.00) for all variables, and good reliability (ICC > 0.75) for inter-rater tests were obtained. A lower score was obtained for retrusion with “moderate reliability” (ICC = 0.557) in the inter-rater tests. Excellent repeatability and reliability in optical tracking of primary movements were observed using the tested portable tracking device and the developed workflow.
Highlights
Object identification in a 3D spatial system and precise tracking of movements have always been an issue for non-invasive biomechanical and/or clinical researchers dealing with motion-tracking systems in any field of movement science
To detect the motion of a body segment, active or passive markers are connected to the skin of the subject and their spatial position is acquired by tracking devices based on different motioncapturing techniques [1]
The coefficient of variation was in the order of 10−3 for both left-right and back-forth directions, whereas it was one order of magnitude larger for the up-down direction (Table 1)
Summary
Object identification in a 3D spatial system and precise tracking of movements have always been an issue for non-invasive biomechanical and/or clinical researchers dealing with motion-tracking systems in any field of movement science. In contrast with other body segments, the jaw offered the unique possibility to connect the markers directly to the dental arches, excluding the main source of error due to the motion of the skin relative to the bones [6]. For their complex experimental set-up, motion-tracking analysis were originally custom-made devices conceived for laboratory and research purposes. Technological developments, as downsizing of the hardware and improvement of the acquisition techniques, led to more compact and less-expensive instruments accessible for clinical set-ups
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