Abstract
Abstract The current study was designed to investigate the potential of Euphorbia wallichii shoot extract for reducting Au3+ and stabilizing gold nanoparticles. UV-visible spectra of gold nanoparticles showed obvious surface plasmon resonance peak at 548 nm. Microscopy (SEM and TEM) showed spherical dimensions, and the energy dispersive X-ray spectra displayed the strongest optical absorption peak for gold (Au) at 2.1 keV. Dynamic light scattering spectra represent polydispersed mixture with particulate diameter of 2.5–103.2 nm. The IR spectra confirm the potential functional groups of shoot extract responsible for the reduction of Au3+ to gold nanoparticles which exhibit tremendous antibacterial potential of 76.31%, 68.47%, 79.85%, 48.10%, and 65.53% against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. Gold nanoparticles showed markedly elevated fungicidal potency compared to the shoot extract alone against the tested fungal strains. IC50 for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging was 31.52, 18.29, and 15.32 µg/mL at 30, 60, and 90 min of reaction time, respectively. Both shoot extract and nanoparticles revealed 71% mortality at 100 µg/mL, with LD90 values of 310.56 µg/mL. Experimental mice acquired dose-dependent analgesia of 54.21%, 82.60%, and 86.53% when treated with gold nanoparticles at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bw. Inhibition of gastrointestinal muscular contraction was 21.16%, 30.49%, and 40.19% in mice feed with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bw, respectively.
Highlights
Centuries ago, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been utilized by artists due to its interaction with light and capability to produce attractive colors
Reduction of Au3+ in the aqueous solution of HAuCl4 was indicated by a change in color of reaction mixture from light pale to dark purple (Figure 1)
E. wallichii possesses primary and secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, sugars, polyphenols, etc. which could be attributed to the reduction of gold ions to AuNPs [11]
Summary
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been utilized by artists due to its interaction with light and capability to produce attractive colors. Biomedical and electrical engineers are taking advantages of the interesting and eye-catching applications of AuNPs in nanomedicine and electronics. In this aspect, the importance of gold nanospheres cannot be neglected as it is more potent and advanced than other metallic NPs [1]. Nanotechnology designed and employed techniques for the synthesis of systems that can interact at molecular (subcellular) level with great specificity in order to achieve maximum therapeutic potency with minimal side effects. A great deal of efforts has been employed for the biological
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