Abstract
ABSTRACT The combined Bi-herbal ethanolic extract (BHE) made up of equal quantities of leaves of Pisonia grandis and Cardiospermum halicacabum was evaluated for its synergistic invitro and invivo Anti-arthritic effects and was compared with its individual ethanolic extracts of Pisonia grandis (EPG) and Cardiospermum halicacabum (ECH). The inhibition of protein denaturation, membrane stabilization and proteinase enzyme inhibition were studied as invitro and Freund’s adjuvant arthritis model in Wistar rats was used to study the invivo Anti-arthritic activity. The three extracts (BHE, EPG, and ECH) at the dose level of 300mg/kg b.w.in 2%CMC were ingested orally to the CFA treated rats once daily for 40 days and the percentage inhibition of the paw volume increase due to the drug treatment was calculated. All the three plant extracts exhibited dose dependent stabilization of the RBC membranes, inhibition of protein denaturation and protease inhibition. The BHE has got a significant reduction in the paw volume and oedema when comparable to EPG and ECH in these intoxicant treated animals. These observed effects may be due to its inhibition of free radical production due to the immunological and inflammatory reactions or minimizing protein denaturation or proteinase enzyme or stabilizing the membranes.
Highlights
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune multisystem disease characterized by pain, synovial membrane inflammation, peripheral joint inflammation, morning stiffness, destruction of articular tissues and restricted joint movement (Patil et al, 2012; Paval et al, 2009 and Banji et al, 2011).Arthritis can cause severe disability and affects a person’s ability to carry out everyday tasks, restricts the quality of life (Murugananthan et al, 2013)
The combined Bi-herbal ethanolic extract (BHE) made up of equal quantities of leaves of Pisonia grandis and Cardiospermum halicacabum was evaluated for its synergistic in vitro and in vivo Anti-arthritic effects and was compared with its individual ethanolic extracts of Pisonia grandis (EPG) and Cardiospermum halicacabum (ECH)
From this experiment the maximum therapeutic dose level of BHE, EPG and extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum (ECH) extracts were studied as 200mg/kg
Summary
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune multisystem disease characterized by pain, synovial membrane inflammation, peripheral joint inflammation, morning stiffness, destruction of articular tissues and restricted joint movement (Patil et al, 2012; Paval et al, 2009 and Banji et al, 2011).Arthritis can cause severe disability and affects a person’s ability to carry out everyday tasks, restricts the quality of life (Murugananthan et al, 2013). The various proinflammatory molecules including reactive oxygen species, prostaglandins, leukotrines and cytokines released by macrophages are involved in the cause of this disorder (Henderson et al, 1987; Snedegard 1985). The regulation of these mediators secreted by macrophages and other immune cells and modulation of arachidonic acid metabolism by inhibiting enzymes like cox and Lox are the potential target for chronic inflammatory conditions (Tripathy et al, 2010). Plant derived secondary metabolites in the plant extracts are the important source of drugs with desired pharmacological activity
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