Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by increased blood glucose levels. Current treatments involve the use of sulfonylureas, α-glucosidase inhibitors, and other synthetic drugs. The study demonstrated the α-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant properties of partially purified ethanolic extracts of Antidesma bunius fruits and Gynura nepalensis leaves, as possible herbal drug candidates. After ethanol extraction, the extracts were fractionated using normal phase liquid column chromatography, with elution solvents ethyl acetate, methanol and water. Fractionation resulted in five fractions for A. bunius (A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5) and seven fractions for G. nepalensis (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6 and G7). Fraction G1 showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibition activity (90.61±8.05%) and possibly acted via a mixed mode of inhibition. For the antioxidant activities, Fraction A1 exhibited highest radical scavenging activity via DPPH assay (97.39±2.48%), Fraction G7 exhibited highest iron (II)-chelating activity (95.85±1.46%) and Fraction G6 exhibited highest ferric-ion reducing activity via FRAP assay (272.60 μg/mL FeSO4 equivalents). Phytochemical screening revealed that flavonoids and tannins were common among all fractions. The results demonstrated the potential of these plants as antidiabetic herbal treatments; however, further studies and to isolate the active component(s), structure elucidation and toxicity assays need be done first.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by chronic hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and loss of βcell function
The study aims to determine α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of partially purified ethanolic extracts of A. bunius fruits and G. nepalensis leaves using in vitro assays, as well as determine the phytochemical constituents of the most active fractions
Plant samples Ripe A. bunius fruits and G. nepalensis leaves were obtained from local plant cultivators (Luzon, Philippines)
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by chronic hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and loss of βcell function. It has been shown that antidiabetic drugs and antioxidants delayed or prevented the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (Montonen et al, 2004; Kawamori, 2009; Phung et al, 2011). Various plant extracts have already been shown to exhibit positive effects in diabetic assays, α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities (Lawag et al, 2012; Misbah et al, 2013; Wang et al, 2013; Shihabudeen et al, 2011; Apea-Bah et al, 2009). The study aims to determine α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of partially purified ethanolic extracts of A. bunius fruits and G. nepalensis leaves using in vitro assays, as well as determine the phytochemical constituents of the most active fractions
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