In vitro analysis of green synthesized copper nanoparticles using Chloroxylon swietenia leaves for dye degradation and antimicrobial application.

Abstract

Green fabrication of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective method of synthesis for biomedical and bioremediation applications. In recent times, bacterial pathogens contaminating or affecting food and food crops pose the greatest threat to the food industry. In addition to this issue, synthetic dyes released from the textile and dyeing industries are polluting aquatic ecosystems and agricultural lands. The combined impact of these two factors is considered a major threat to life. Therefore, the use of CuNPs will provide an effective and long-term solution as an antibacterial and dye removing agent. The current study focuses on the synthesis of CuNPs using the leaf extract of Chloroxylon swietenia (C-CuNPs). The formation of a peak at 390nm and a change in color from yellow to dark brown confirmed the synthesis of C-CuNPs. Subsequent synthesis at pH 9 was suitable for preparing C-CuNPs. Structural and chemical characterization of C-CuNPs was performed using Fourier Transfer Infra-Red (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Dynamic Light scattering (DLS), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. The synthesized C-CuNPs possess a crystalline nature, a functional group that resembles C. swietenia, and are negatively charged and spherical in shape. C-CuNPs were tested against Congo red, Coomassie blue, and crystal violet and they showed complete degradation within 24h under optimum conditions. Disk diffusion and broth dilution assay were used to test the antibacterial activity of C-CuNPs against Staphylococcus nepalensis, Staphylococcus gallinarum, Pseudomonasstutzeri,Bacillus subtilis, and Enterococcus faecalis. Therefore, the present study represents the first report on C-CuNPs' ability to degrade synthetic dyes and kill foodborne bacterial pathogens. Thus, the study has shed light on the potential of green synthesized CuNPs as bioremediation and packaging material in the future.