Abstract
In order to provide physical information supporting the clinical use of flow mapping, an in vitro model was designed to measure the velocity fields in a pulsatile hydraulic turbulent jet. We used a peak velocity ranging from 2.5 to 5.5 m·s −1, an orifice diameter ranging from 5.8 to 11.3 mm and confined the jet in a receiving tube whose diameter ranged from 16 to 30 mm, thus simulating a large variety of valvular leaks. In steady flow conditions, our results agreed with previously reported descriptions. Under pulsatile conditions, the same structure was found at peak velocity and during the beginning of the deceleration. Below a threshold velocity, the length of the central core was independent of the peak velocity and proportional to about six times the orifice diameter. Above the threshold velocity, this relationship was no longer true, the threshold value being related to the ratio of the orifice diameter to the diameter of the receiving tube.
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