Abstract
Heteromorpha arborescens (syn. H. trifoliata) leaves and bark are used in traditional medicine by many ethnic groups in central and southern Africa against diabetes, headache, pain and fever. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition, free radical scavenging and antioxidant potentials of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of H. arborescens leaves and bark. In in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition study, the ethyl acetate extract of leaves (EAL) and methanol extracts of bark (MB) had good effects compared to other extracts. EAL and MB extracts showed 50% α-glucosidase inhibition at a concentration of 3.12 ± 0.62 and 3.10 ± 1.73 mg/ml, respectively. The free radical scavenging and antioxidant potentials of H. arborescens leaf and bark extracts were evaluated using the ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical scavenging assays and β-carotene/linoleic acid assay. The EAL and MB extracts showed strong free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities compared to other extracts. These results indicate that H. arborescens leaves and bark have significant potential to be used as a natural α-glucosidase inhibitor with free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties.
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