Abstract
Several plants are considered to be new resources of substances that can be a potential alternative to combat particularly resistant microorganisms. Arcobacter spp. are dangerous bacteria with pathogenic potential and biofilm formation ability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of six spice extracts against several Arcobacter-strains, including much less literally described strains as well. Among the evaluated spices, significant antibacterial activity of many samples was showed. The clove MetOH/DMSO (extraction in methanol/final dissolution in dimethylsulfoxide) extract had a MIC≥20 mg/mL, nutmeg MetOH/DMSO extract had MIC 10-20 mg/mL, and the highest values were recorded in star anise extract (MIC≥20 mg/mL) after 24 hours of exposure. However, arcobacters were highly resistant to extracts from juniper, nutmeg and anise. Furthermore, the effect of extracts on biofilm formation was monitored using Christensen method. The tested extracts were found to have a dual effect on biofilm formation. The elimination of biofilm formation was observed, however also its stimulation, depending on the type of extract and the bacterial strain. The results indicate a particularly interesting antimicrobial effect of cloves and cinnamon extract (inhibition zones up to 30 mm) against Arcobacter strains. The study shows a promising effect of tested extracts on biofilm formation for the first time.
Highlights
Plants and their secondary metabolites are often used for their effects in the food industry or in healing
The tested extracts were found to have a dual effect on biofilm formation of Arcobacter spp
The extracts obtained were dissolved in DMSO and ethanol at a final concentration of 100 mg/mL
Summary
Plants and their secondary metabolites are often used for their effects in the food industry or in healing. Arcobacters are bacteria characterized by a broad distribution of occurrence, and by resistance to various antimicrobial agents and influences) (Collado and Figueras, 2011; Kučerová et al, 2017; Shah et al, 2011; Šilha et al, 2013; Šilha et al, 2014; Šilha et al, 2015; Šilha et al, 2016; Šilha et al, 2017; Šilha et al, 2018). The influence of natural extracts on the formation of Arcobacter biofilms is not well documented in the literature and this study includes new finding in this area. Among these are the antimicrobial effects of natural substances such as extracts from herbs and spices, essential oils, etc. The study included significantly less known species of arcobacters (A. defluvii, A. thereius, A. lanthieri), which have only been described in recent years
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