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HomeCirculation ResearchVol. 124, No. 5In This Issue Free AccessIn BriefPDF/EPUBAboutView PDFView EPUBSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toFree AccessIn BriefPDF/EPUBIn This Issue Ruth Williams Ruth WilliamsRuth Williams Search for more papers by this author Originally published28 Feb 2019https://doi.org/10.1161/RES.0000000000000265Circulation Research. 2019;124:663is related toNHLBI-Sponsored Randomized Trial of Postconditioning During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarctionis related toDietary Fats in Relation to Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of 521 120 Individuals With 16 Years of Follow-UpHigh-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Korean WomenHuman Papillomavirus and Cardiovascular Disease (p 747)Download figureDownload PowerPointJoo et al link human papillomavirus infection to cardiovascular disease risk.Approximately 20% of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) do not have any of the conventional risk factors, such as obesity, high blood pressure, or diabetes, suggesting other contributors have yet to be discovered. One possible candidate is infection with high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV)—those with the potential to cause cancer. A recent health survey demonstrated a link between such infections and myocardial infarction or stroke. However, because the data was based on self-reported conditions and self-collected vaginal swabs for HPV analysis, validation with a controlled study was necessary. Joo and colleagues have done just that, studying the health and HPV status of 63 411 Korean women. During their 5-year study period, they found that there were 1122 cases of new-onset CVD, and these were shown to disproportionately afflict subjects with HPV—even after controlling for body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, and exercise. Association between HPV and CVD was, however, stronger in individuals with obesity and metabolic syndrome. These findings identify HPV as an novel risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and suggest that HPV vaccination, in addition to protecting against cancer, may also be beneficial for cardiovascular health.Dietary Fats and Mortality in General Population (p 757)Download figureDownload PowerPointZhuang et al examine the impact of assorted dietary fats on long-term health in a super-scale study.Dietary guidelines recommend low-fat diet, because accumulation of excess lipids in the bloodstream can lead to the development of atherosclerosis. The current guidelines suggest limiting intake of saturated fats and trans-fatty acids and ideally replacing them with unsaturated fats. However, recent studies question these recommendations, and there is little evidence to support these long-held recommendations. To address conflicting results, Zhuang and colleagues have examined self-reported dietary data from more than half a million North Americans for whom they have follow-up mortality data covering the past 16 years. The participants, 129 328 of whom have now died, completed detailed questionnaires on lifestyle and diet in the mid nineties. Analyses of the data has revealed that dietary intake of saturated fats, trans-fatty acids, alpha-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid were all associated with higher mortality, while polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), linoleic acid, and marine omega-3 PUFAs were associated with lower mortality. The findings indicate that the existing dietary recommendations are indeed still worth following.Postconditioning Improves LV Remodeling (p 769)A modified reperfusion technique may offer long-term protection against myocardial remodeling, say Traverse et alRapid restoration of blood flow after a myocardial infarction is critical for saving heart muscle function and reducing the risk of development of heart failure. However, restoration of blood flow could lead to reperfusion injury—an increase in inflammation and oxidative stress that damages the very tissue in need of preserving. One possible approach to reduce the risk of injury is postconditioning (PostC)—a modified reperfusion technique in which the blood flow is restored in a stop-start manner by repeatedly occluding and reperfusing the artery for 30 seconds at a time. In dogs, this approach was shown to reduce infarct size by 44%. To examine the efficacy of this procedure in humans, Traverse and colleagues have tested the procedure in 65 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. They found that after 2 days there was no discernable difference between PostC and control subjects. However, after 1 year, PostC patients displayed improved left ventricle remodeling and, for a subset of patients who exhibited microvascular occlusion, the improvement was particularly evident. The results hint that PostC may have hitherto unappreciated long-term benefits for recovery and suggest that future trials should include extended follow-up periods. Previous Back to top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRelated articlesNHLBI-Sponsored Randomized Trial of Postconditioning During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Elevation Myocardial InfarctionJay H. Traverse, et al. Circulation Research. 2019;124:769-778Dietary Fats in Relation to Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of 521 120 Individuals With 16 Years of Follow-UpPan Zhuang, et al. Circulation Research. 2019;124:757-768High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Korean WomenEun-Jeong Joo, et al. Circulation Research. 2019;124:747-756 March 1, 2019Vol 124, Issue 5 Advertisement Article InformationMetrics © 2019 American Heart Association, Inc.https://doi.org/10.1161/RES.0000000000000265PMID: 30817256 Originally publishedFebruary 28, 2019 PDF download Advertisement