In the focus of attention: qualification in the totality of Article 111 «High treason» and parts 2, 5 or 7 of Article 111-1 «Collaboration» of the Criminal Code of Ukraine

Abstract

The article proves that the voluntary occupation by a citizen of Ukraine of a position not related to the implementation of organizational, administrative or administrative and economic functions in illegal authorities established in the temporarily occupied territory, including in the occupation administration of the aggressor state (Part 2 of Article 111-1 of the Criminal Code) or positions related to the performance of such functions (Part 5 of Article 111-1 of the Criminal Code), or positions in illegal judicial or law enforcement bodies created in the temporarily occupied territory (Part 7 of Article 111-1 of the Criminal Code) and further exercise of his professional function in these positions requires qualification in the aggregate of Part 2 of Article 111 and parts 2, 5 or 7 of Article 111-1 of the Criminal Code. The analysis of judicial practice established that there are three approaches to the qualification of actions of citizens of Ukraine in this case: 1) in parts 2, 5 or 7 of Art. 111-1 of the Criminal Code; 2) under Part 2 of Article 111 of the Criminal Code; 3) under part 2 of article 111 and parts 2, 5 or 7 Art. 111-1 of the Criminal Code. It is established that the scientific literature is dominated by the approach according to which the actions of such a collaborator are subject to qualification only in parts 2, 5 or 7 of Art. 111-1 of the Criminal Code. It is determined that the voluntary illegal occupation by a citizen of positions in illegally created authorities in the temporarily occupied territory (parts 2, 5, 7 of Art. 111-1 of the Criminal Code) is a special type of high treason in the form of switching to the side of the enemy during an armed conflict (Article 111 of the Criminal Code). Therefore, in this part, the actions of citizens of Ukraine are subject to qualification according to a special norm placed in parts 2, 5, 7 of Art. 111-1 of the Criminal Code). At the same time, the exercise of a professional function by a citizen of Ukraine in such positions is committed after the previous crime is completed, and therefore requires independent qualification as high treason in the form of assistance in conducting subversive activities against Ukraine. Key words: collaboration, treason, voluntary occupation, temporarily occupied territory, conditions of martial law, totality, qualification, crime, criminal offense.