In-syringe dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with liquid chromatographic determination of synthetic pyrethroids in surface water

Abstract

An indigenously fabricated in laboratory glass syringe was used for in-syringe dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (is-DLLME) and preconcentration of synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) from surface waters suitable for their determination by high performance liquid chromatography. In contrast to classical DLLME, is-DLLME allows the use of lighter-than-water organic solvents and the analysis of environmental samples without prior filtration. This feature is interesting due to the fact that SPs have strong affinity to adsorb onto solid particulates present in samples which can be then retained on filter paper. The effects of various parameters on the extraction efficiency were evaluated and optimized systemically using one-factor-at-a-time method (OFAT) and statistically using full factorial design. Three SPs, viz.; cypermethrin, resmethrin and permethrin, were analyzed as model SPs. The method showed good precision with RSD% in the range of 4.8–6.9. The method detection limits of the three SPs ranged from 0.14 to 0.16 ng mL -1 . The proposed method was applied for the determination of SPs in lake and ground waters.