Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the conditions of family agriculture and the respective environmental impacts of agribusiness. The research methodology is grounded on a theoretical survey of study descriptions of the area, a characterization of rural communities and local population through interviews, an identification of medium and large agricultural enterprises through documentary research on environmental licensing processes, and determination of the environmental impacts of agribusiness via an interaction matrix. Based on the data generated, it was found that the majority of the population has an incomplete elementary education; is involved in agricultural activity, livestock farming, and honey production, which provide a family income of up to one minimum wage; and is located in rural communities with environmental sanitation restrictions. Moreover, it was found that irrigated agriculture has positive impacts, such as the generation of employment and income. It was also evidenced that this activity causes adverse socioeconomic impacts and adverse impacts on the traditional activities of local rural communities through plant removal, water scarcity, and pesticide use. Thus, to mitigate the problems, it is necessary to apply the principles of Brazilian Environmental Law as correlated with the instruments of the National Environment Policy through environmental management guidelines.
Highlights
The history of agriculture in the world begins after hundreds of millions of years of biological, technical, and cultural evolution
Given the lack of studies on the environmental problem of agribusiness in Chapada do Apodi in Rio Grande do Norte (RN), this work aims to investigate the spatial planning of Brazilian semi-arid land from the experience of coexistence and conflicts caused in Chapada do Apodi (RN) between family agriculture and the expansion of agribusiness
The Region of Chapada do Apodi/RN has the manifest of experiences of agrarian reform, agroecological practices, and popular organization of workers
Summary
The history of agriculture in the world begins after hundreds of millions of years of biological, technical, and cultural evolution. It was in the Neolithic (−10,000 thousand years ago) that the human being began to cultivate and create, and in this period, there emerged two main forms of agriculture that spread throughout the world, the system of breeding grazing animals and cultivation through burning and felling. For the first time in history, with the first agricultural revolution, there appears an agriculture capable of permanently producing a marketable agricultural surplus representing more than half of the total production [1]. The economic development model adopted in Brazil frequently consolidates Brazil’s insertion in the international market through the production of rural and mineral commodities through activities such as the expansion of cattle farming in the Amazon region, growing sugarcane and fruit for exportation in the Northeast, advancing steel parks in the Southeast, and growing transgenic soybean and corn monocultures in the Midwest and South of the country [2]
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