Abstract
In situpair distribution function analysis reveals that electromagnetic radiation exposure during SnO2nanoparticle growth alters local atomic structure and the synthetic pathway compared to conventional hydrothermal synthesis routes.
Highlights
microwave radiation (MWR) has been shown to impact atomic structure and phase transitions in ways not observed without EM eld exposure.[5,6,7,8,9,10]. These effects have made MWR-assisted synthesis an appealing option for a wide variety of material systems,[2] with applications in Li-ion batteries,[11,12] photovoltaics,[13,14] and catalysis.[15,16]
The formation of crystalline rutile SnO2 nanoparticles from the aqueous precursor was successfully monitored during conventional hydrothermal synthesis (Fig. 2A)
H atoms were omitted, as they have a negligible effect on the measured Pair distribution function (PDF) due to their weak X-ray interaction
Summary
The application of electromagnetic (EM) elds during materials synthesis can promote effects not observed using conventional routes.[1,2] One such example is the use of microwave radiation (MWR) at a frequency of 2.45 GHz to induce rapid, lowtemperature crystallization in ceramic materials.[3,4] MWR has been shown to impact atomic structure and phase transitions in ways not observed without EM eld exposure.[5,6,7,8,9,10] These effects have made MWR-assisted synthesis an appealing option for a wide variety of material systems,[2] with applications in Li-ion batteries,[11,12] photovoltaics,[13,14] and catalysis.[15,16] the mechanisms underlying the role of EM elds in promoting phase formation and structural transitions remain unclear.[1,2,17] This lack of mechanistic understanding has limited the widespread use of EM elds in materials design
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