Abstract
In situ Visualization of Ferrous Ions Dissolved from Pure Iron Wire into Thin Frozen Aqueous Solution Films by Combination of Microscopy and Image Processing
Highlights
Steels have been commonly employed to construct mechanical objects due to their strength, ease of processing, and surface modification
When an aqueous solution is frozen, phase separation occurs to generate pure ice crystals and highly concentrated solutions of solutes, known as freeze-concentrated solutions (FCSs).(4) In FCSs, some unusual chemical phenomena including the acceleration of chemical reactions under subzero conditions and dissolution of chemical species insoluble in water have been reported.[5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12] These effects are attributed to the unique physicochemical properties of FCSs, induced by the microscale phase transitions at ice/solution interfaces.[13,14,15] The reductive reactions of metal oxides and their dissolution have been reported to be accelerated in FCSs.[16,17,18] These results suggest that a
We quantitatively visualized ferrous ions dissolved from pure iron wires into FCSs by a combination of transmittance microscopy and image analysis
Summary
Steels have been commonly employed to construct mechanical objects due to their strength, ease of processing, and surface modification. Electrochemical approaches including voltammetry are attractive strategies for monitoring the chemical reactions in FCSs. Okada and coworkers reported the dissolution of ferrous ions from iron oxide[20] and viologens,(21) elucidated by cyclic voltammetry. We report a diffusive-reflection-microscopy-based evaluation method to study the dissolution of the ferrous surface of iron from pure iron materials into FCSs formed in thin films of frozen aqueous solutions. The advantage of diffusive-reflection microscopy is that reflection- or absorption-based colorization can be adopted.[27,28] The utilization of a thin-film ice sample can reduce the area of contact between the FCS and the iron materials, enabling quantitative evaluation of the iron dissolution. Ferrous ions.[27,28,29] we validated the instrumentation by monitoring the dissolution behavior into FCSs formed in frozen solutions of NaCl and sucrose
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