Abstract
AbstractNiS2 is a cathode material found in primary batteries which operate at high temperature. Herein we report the in situ battery discharge study of a thermal battery cell which uses NiS2 as a cathode, using simultaneous collection of powder neutron diffraction data and electrochemical data. Five different regions were observed upon battery discharge and the evolution of nickel sulfide phases has been studied. Four different nickel‐containing phases are observed during discharge (NiS2, NiS, Ni3S2 and Ni). A new discharge mechanism has been proposed which does not include Ni7S6. Multiphase quantitative Rietveld refinement has allowed the percentages of the phases to be monitored during discharge. High intensity synchrotron powder X‐ray diffraction has been used to study the resulting phases present in the cathode after battery discharge.
Highlights
NiS2 is a cathode material found in primary batteries which operate at high temperature
The electrolyte consists of a molten salt, which is solid at room temperature and does not exhibit any ionic conductivity.[5]
Metal halides and metal oxides have all been explored as potential cathode materials.[6]
Summary
NiS2 is a cathode material found in primary batteries which operate at high temperature. High intensity synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction has been used to study the resulting phases present in the cathode after battery discharge. The LiCl-KCl eutectic is one of the favoured molten salt electrolytes due to properties such as the melting point (compatible with respect to thermal decomposition of the anode and cathode), the high ionic conductivity and the low solubility of the discharge products in the electrolyte.[5]. Electrochemical measurements may be carried out at device operating temperatures, but are unable to probe the crystalline phases present This can lead to difficulties in understanding the high temperature structure, due to differences in crystal structure or phase stability between device operating temperature and room temperature. Despite being used for many years, little is known about how the crystalline phases in the battery evolve at high temperature
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