Abstract
This study explores the capabilities of methods for in-situ synthesis of titanium aluminides using the Direct Metal Deposition process. This allows for the functional grading of components which will be required for next generation aerospace components. The feasibility of three techniques are explored here; firstly, a new process of powder preparation for Additive Manufacturing, satelliting, in which a larger parent powder is coated with a smaller powder fraction. Here, Al parent particles are satellited with fine TiO2 to produce an intermetallic matrix composite with Al2O3 particulates. The satelliting procedure is shown to increase capability and mixing of in situ synthesis. Secondly, combined wire and single powder feeding is explored through the use of Ti wire and Al powder to create Ti-50Al (at%). Finally, a combination of wire and loose mixed powders is explored to produce the commercially deployed Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb (at%) alloy. The simultaneous wire and powder delivery is designed to overcome issues encountered when processing with single powder or wire feedstocks, whilst allowing for on-the-fly changes in elemental composition required for functional grading. Characterisation of the deposits produced, through OM, SEM, and EDX, reveal the influence of key processing parameters and provides a meaningful basis for comparison between the techniques. Results show that it is possible to produce α2+γ two-phase microstructures consistent with previous studies which have relied upon more expensive and harder to obtain pre-alloyed feedstocks. This represents a move forward in manufacturability for an emergent process type.
Highlights
Graded components are key for generation aerospace parts, where the ability to tailor material properties within the volume of a part for specific function provides great advantages over conventionally manufactured components (Mahamood et al, 2012)
Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies such as the Direct Metal Deposition (DMD) process allow these capabilities and design freedoms to be incorporated into a component as it is built up layer by layer
Shishkovsky and Smurov (2012) have demonstrated functional grading of Ti base coatings manufactured via DMD, by incorporating TiN or alumina ceramic (Al2O3) for increased hardness, wear resistance and high temperature performance
Summary
Graded components are key for generation aerospace parts, where the ability to tailor material properties within the volume of a part for specific function provides great advantages over conventionally manufactured components (Mahamood et al, 2012). By varying input materials and processing parameters during manufacture, DMD has the potential to grade material both compositionally and microstructurally to vary material properties within the volume of a part. The process allows for functionally graded hard faces to be applied to components currently in service and the opportunity to repair parts but improve damaged parts beyond their previous capabilities. Shishkovsky and Smurov (2012) have demonstrated functional grading of Ti base coatings manufactured via DMD, by incorporating TiN or alumina ceramic (Al2O3) for increased hardness, wear resistance and high temperature performance
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