Abstract
The interfacial reaction in Cu/Sn/Cu solder joint during liquid–solid eletromigration (EM) was in situ studied using synchrotron radiation real-time imaging technology. The current density distribution in the solder joint was analyzed with the finite element method (FEM). The relationships among solder shape, current density distribution, Cu dissolution, and the formation and dissolution of interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC) were revealed. The current promoted dissolution of the cathode IMC and growth of the anode IMC and suppressed the dissolution of anode Cu. The change of interfacial IMC had little effect on the current density distribution; however, the dissolution of cathode Cu, which changed the solder shape, had a significant effect on the current density distribution. The dissolution of cathode Cu under forward current and cathode IMC under reverse current and the growth of anode IMC under forward current was faster where the current density was higher. The synchrotron radiation real-time imaging technology can not only in situ observe the change of solder shape, the dissolution and growth behavior of interfacial IMC and the dissolution behavior of substrate in a soldering process but also provide data needed for numerical simulation of current density distribution in a solder joint.
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