Abstract
AbstractThe development of polymer morphology and crystallinity of printed bulk heterojunction (BHJ) films doped with the different solvent additives 1,8‐diiodooctane (DIO) or diphenyl ether (DPE) is investigated with in situ grazing‐incidence small/wide‐angle X‐ray scattering. The solvent additives, having different boiling points, lead to a different film drying behavior and morphology growth states in the BHJ films of the benzothiadiazole‐based polymer (PPDT2FBT) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). The phase demixing in the printed films is changing over time along with solvent evaporation. Polymer domains start aggregating to form larger domains in the liquid–liquid phase, while phase separation mainly occurs in the liquid–solid phase. The present work provides a profound insight into the morphology development of printed BHJ films doped with different solvent additives, which is particularly important for the large‐scale fabrication of organic photovoltaics.
Highlights
1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) or diphenyl ether (DPE) is investigated with in situ grazing-incidence small/wide-angle X-ray scattering
The present work provides a profound insight into the morphology development of printed bulk heterojunction (BHJ) films doped with different solvent layer, made by a blend of donor (D) and acceptor (A) materials, plays a crucial role in the device performance.[11,12,13,14]
The ideal morphology should contain sufficient interpenetrating networks between additives, which is important for the large-scale fabrication of donor and acceptor materials for exciton organic photovoltaics
Summary
1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) or diphenyl ether (DPE) is investigated with in situ grazing-incidence small/wide-angle X-ray scattering. The printing process of BHJ films was described as five stages based on the growth rate of the polymer domains.[7,42] For example, in the case of the model system poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), which does not need additives, the influence of the substrate temperature was highlighted.[7] In contrast, in our work we address the effects of solvent additives on the morphology evolution of PPDT2FBT:PC71BM thin films during printing.
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